在椭圆横截面弹体正侵彻下有限厚铝靶的破坏模式及响应特性

刘均伟; 张先锋; 赵瑶瑶; 魏海洋; 刘闯; 李鹏程

doi:10.11883/bzycj-2022-0249

在椭圆横截面弹体正侵彻下有限厚铝靶的破坏模式及响应特性

doi: 10.11883/bzycj-2022-0249

刘均伟^1,,
张先锋^1, ,,
赵瑶瑶²,
魏海洋^{1, 3},
刘闯¹,
李鹏程¹

1.
南京理工大学机械工程学院，江苏南京 210094
2.
江苏永丰机械有限责任公司，江苏淮安 211722
3.
北京航天长征飞行器研究所，北京 100074

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金（12141202，11790292）；中央高校基本科研业务费（30919011401）

详细信息

作者简介:
刘均伟（1996－　），男，博士研究生，liujunwei@njust.edu.cn

通讯作者:
张先锋（1978－　），男，博士，教授，lynx@njust.edu.cn

中图分类号: O385
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-06-08
- 修回日期: 2022-08-25
- 网络出版日期: 2022-09-16
- 刊出日期: 2022-12-08

Failure modes and response characteristics of finite-thickness aluminum targets under normal penetration of elliptical cross-section projectiles

1.
School of Mechanical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, Jiangsu, China
2.
Jiangsu Yongfeng Machinery Co. Ltd., Huai’an 211722, Jiangsu, China
3.
Beijing Institute of Space Long March Vehicle, Beijing 100074, China

摘要

摘要: 基于30 mm口径弹道炮平台，开展了3种不同椭圆横截面弹体在200~600 m/s撞击速度范围内正侵彻2A12铝靶的实验，获得了2A12铝靶的破坏形貌及弹体的剩余速度。在此基础上，建立了相应的数值模型，结合实验结果验证了所建模型的有效性，并系统分析了弹体横截面长短轴长度比对靶体的破坏情况及响应特性的影响。研究结果表明：弹体最大横截面面积是影响弹体剩余速度的主要因素，而弹体横截面长短轴长度比对弹体剩余速度的影响较弱；在圆形横截面弹体侵彻下靶体背部形成的花瓣大小和形状一致，空间分布均匀，而在椭圆横截面弹体侵彻下，随着弹体横截面长短轴长度比的增大，靶体背部形成的花瓣数量增加、尺寸变小，且在短轴方向的花瓣数量和靶体表面隆起高度均大于长轴方向的；靶体在圆形横截面弹体侵彻下的径向位移、径向应力和切向应力与其在椭圆横截面弹体侵彻下的显著不同，前者沿周向方向各点的变化规律基本一致，靶体处于简单的压缩状态，切向应力为零，而后者各点的应力状态与弹体横截面长短轴长度比和周向角密切相关，靶体受到压缩和剪切应力的耦合作用。
- 铝靶 /
- 椭圆横截面弹体 /
- 长短轴长度比 /
- 剩余速度 /
- 正侵彻 /
- 径向位移 /
- 径向应力 /
- 切向应力
Abstract: By means of a 30-mm-caliber ballistic gun platform, a series of experiments were carried out on 2A12 aluminum targets subjected to normal penetration by three kinds of 30CrMnSi2A steel projectiles with different elliptical cross-section shapes in the striking velocity range from 200 m/s to 600 m/s. The residual velocities of the projectiles and the failure modes of the targets were experimentally obtained. Based on the experimental results, the corresponding numerical models were established and verified. And the influences of the major-to-minor axis length ratios of the projectile cross-sections on the failure modes and response characteristics of the targets were systematically analyzed. The results show as follows. The maximum cross-sectional areas of the projectiles are the main factor affecting the residual velocities of the projectiles, while the major-to-minor axis length ratios of the projectile cross-sections have little effect on the residual velocities. Therefore, in engineering applications, the engineering model for the circular cross-section projectile penetrating a target can be directly used to calculate the residual velocity of the elliptical cross-section projectile with the same maximum cross-sectional area. In addition, under normal penetration of the circular cross-section projectiles, the sizes, shapes and distribution of the petals induced at the back faces of the targets are uniform. However, under normal penetration of the elliptical cross-section projectiles, as the major-to-minor axis length ratios of the projectile cross-sections increase, the numbers of the petals induced at the back faces of the targets increase and the petal sizes decrease, and the petal numbers and the uplifted height in the minor axis direction are greater than those in the major axis direction. The radial displacement, radial stress and tangential stress of the targets under the normal penetration of the elliptical cross-section projectiles are obviously different from those of the targets under the normal penetration of the circular cross-section projectiles. Under normal penetrations of the circular cross-section projectiles, the above response characteristics of the targets change basically the same along the circumferential directions and the targets are under simple compression states with the tangential stress of zero. But, under normal penetrations of the elliptical cross-section projectiles, the stress states of different points of the targets are closely related to the major-to-minor axis length ratios and the circumferential angles of the projectiles, and the targets are subjected to the coupling effects of the compression and shear stresses.
- aluminum target /
- elliptical cross-section projectile /
- major-to-minor axis length ratio /
- residual velocity /
- normal penetration /
- radial displacement /
- radial stress /
- tangential stress

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图 1 实验弹体

Figure 1. Projectiles used in the experiments

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图 2 实验靶体

Figure 2. Targets used in the experiments

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图 3 实验布局

Figure 3. Experimental layout

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图 4 C1-4弹体飞行姿态分析

Figure 4. Analysis of the flight attitude of the C1-4 projectile

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图 5 实验前后C1-4弹体对比

Figure 5. Comparison of the C1-4 projectile before and after the experiment

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图 6 不同横截面形状弹体侵彻下铝靶的破坏形貌

Figure 6. Damage of aluminum targets under normal penetration of the projectiles with different cross-section shapes

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图 7 有限元模型

Figure 7. Finite element models

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图 8 实验靶板破坏形态与数值模拟结果对比

Figure 8. Comparison of failure morphologies of targets between simulation and experiment

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图 9 不同横截面形状弹体剩余速度对比

Figure 9. Comparison of residual velocities of projectiles with different cross-section shapes

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图 10 弹体横截面长短轴长度比对靶体破坏形貌的影响

Figure 10. Influence of major-to-minor axis length ratios of the projectile cross-sections on damage morphologies of the targets

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图 11 靶体应变分布

Figure 11. Strain distribution of the targets

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图 12 数值模拟中靶体测点分布

Figure 12. Layout of measured points of targets in numerical simulation

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图 13 靶体沿周向方向的径向位移

Figure 13. Radial displacement of targets along circumferential direction

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图 14 靶体沿周向方向的径向应力

Figure 14. Radial stress of targets along circumferential direction

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图 15 靶体沿周向方向的切向应力

Figure 15. Tangential stress of targets along circumferential direction

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图 16 沿周向方向的无量纲径向位移

Figure 16. Dimensionless radial displacement of targets along circumferential direction

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图 17 沿周向方向的无量纲径向应力

Figure 17. Dimensionless radial stress of targets along circumferential direction

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图 18 沿周向方向的最大切向应力

Figure 18. The maximum tangential stress of targets along circumferential direction

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表 1 三种弹体主要参数

Table 1. Main parameters of three projectiles

弹体类型	弹体轮廓	2a/mm	2b/mm	β	L/mm	ψ	m/g
C1		23.6	23.6	1.00	43.2	3.6	360
T1		30.0	18.6	1.61	43.2	5.6	360
T2		30.0	24.0	1.25	43.2	3.5	360

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表 2 弹体正侵彻铝靶的实验结果

Table 2. Experimental results for normal penetration of projectiles into aluminum targets

弹体	$ {v}_{0} $/(m·s⁻¹)	$ {v}_{\mathrm{r}} $/(m·s⁻¹)	$ \alpha $/(°)	$ \gamma $/(°)
C1-1	402.3	336.0	1.08	+0.63
C1-2	310.7	214.5	0.34	+0.19
C1-3	256.2	120.3	0.25	+0.17
C1-4	566.5	522.5	1.11	−0.68
T1-1	402.0	338.0	1.26	−0.62
T1-2	229.4	0	2.03	−1.51
T1-3	570.3	531.6	1.91	−1.49
T2-1	405.3	322.7	0.76	−0.30
T2-2	229.5	0	2.69	−2.39
T2-3	569.3	509.2	1.57	−1.13

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表 3 材料参数

Table 3. Material parameters

材料	$\ \rho $/(g·cm⁻³)	G/GPa	μ	A/MPa	B/MPa	n	C	m	D₁
30CrMnSiNi2A^[25]	7.85	210	0.3
2A12铝^[26]	2.77	28	0.33	195	230	0.31	0.42	1	0.75

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表 4 弹体剩余速度模拟结果与实验结果的对比

Table 4. Comparison of residual velocities of projectiles between simulation and experiment

弹体类型	v₀/(m·s⁻¹)	v_r/(m·s⁻¹)		ɛ_r/%
弹体类型	v₀/(m·s⁻¹)	实验	数值模拟	ɛ_r/%
C1	256.2	120.3	109.2	−9.2
	310.7	214.5	202.7	−5.5
	402.3	336.0	323.3	−3.8
	566.5	522.5	510.7	−2.3
T1	229.4	0	21.3
	402.0	338.0	323.5	−4.3
	570.3	531.6	514.5	−3.2
T2	229.5	0	0	0
	405.3	322.7	302.5	−6.3
	569.3	509.2	497.5	−2.3

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表 5 靶体背部塑性应变区域范围对比

Table 5. Comparison of plastic strain ranges on the back of targets

弹体类型	2a/mm	2b/mm	长轴最大坐标/mm	短轴最大坐标/mm	长轴相对增量/%	短轴相对增量/%
C1	23.60	23.60	18.55	18.55	57.20	57.20
T3	26.40	21.10	17.30	18.08	31.06	71.37
T1	30.00	18.60	18.13	20.10	20.87	116.13
T4	33.36	16.68	19.13	22.30	14.69	167.39

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