Research on damage and cavitation characteristics of propellers under far field shock waves
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摘要: 螺旋桨是舰船推进系统的核心部件，其运动稳定性和效率直接影响着舰船的性能。当前推进轴系抗冲击研究大多将螺旋桨等效成均质圆盘，忽略其结构特征，不能准确得到水下爆炸瞬态冲击下螺旋桨的瞬态毁伤特征。本文中针对螺旋桨的结构特征，基于湿模态分析法得到实体建模优于壳体建模，开展了远场冲击波作用下螺旋桨物面空化冲击动响应及毁伤特征分析，并结合螺旋桨高速旋转状态下产生的水动力空化现象，进一步分析螺旋桨瞬态毁伤特征规律。研究结果表明：在0°与90°攻角下，冲击波入射波作用于螺旋桨表面的物面载荷更高，但存在一个上限值，其与螺旋桨结构特征有关。在计及水动力空化状态下，桨叶的应力水平变化较为一致；桨叶主要塑性损伤区为叶根处，存在局部塑性和完全塑性两种模式。探讨了远场爆炸下螺旋桨毁伤与空化特征，研究结果可为推进轴系及螺旋桨抗冲击防护提供参考。Abstract: The propeller is a critical component of a ship’s propulsion system that significantly influences the vessel’s performance through its stability and efficiency. Current research on the propulsion shaft system’s anti-shock properties often oversimplifies the propeller as a uniform circular disk, which disregards its structural intricacies and leads to inaccuracies in the transient damage characteristics during underwater explosions. This research focused on the propeller’s structural details and developed both an equivalent shell model and a more intricate solid model. Through structural wet modal numerical simulations, the study had determined that solid modeling outperforms shell modeling in accuracy. This finding is corroborated by coMParisons with empirical formulas, thereby validating the fluid-structure coupling analysis model. Building upon this foundation, the research examines the propeller’s transient shock response and damage characteristics when subjected to far-field shockwaves. Utilizing the total wave algorithm in ABAQUS, the investigation extends to the cavitation and damage patterns of the propeller under such conditions, with confirmation provided by the one-dimensional Bleich-Sandler finite element model. To delve deeper into the phenomenon of hydrodynamic cavitation caused by the propeller’s high-speed rotation, the coupled Eulerian-Lagrangian (CEL) method was applied. Initially, a simplified propeller model was created to confirm the cavitation bubble layer’s fragmentation due to the flow field load resulting from explosive product expansion. Subsequent modifications to the propeller’s transient fluid-structure coupling calculation model allow for a more thorough analysis of its transient damage characteristics. The findings indicate that at attack angles of 0° and 90°, the propeller surface experiences heightened shockwave loads, albeit with a threshold linked to the propeller’s structural properties. When hydrodynamic cavitation is factored in, the stress distribution on the propeller blade tends to be more uniform; the blade’s primary plastic damage is localized at the root, exhibiting both localized and complete plastic deformation patterns. This research elucidates the damage and cavitation effects on propellers due to far-field explosions, offering valuable insights for enhancing the anti-shock defenses of both the propulsion shaft system and the propeller itself.
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Key words:
- underwater explosion /
- propeller /
- damage characteristics /
- cavitation effect
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图 5 一维Bleich-Sandler有限元模型
Figure 5. One-dimensional Bleich-Sandler finite element model
图 6 平板速度随时间的变化曲线理论与计算值对比
Figure 6. Comparison of the plate velocity-time curves between theoretical and calculation values
图 10 不同冲击因子下的物面空化区域
Figure 10. Cavitation zones at the material surface under different shock factors
图 11 空化区域大小随冲击因子变化曲线
Figure 11. Curve of cavitation zone size variation with shock factor
图 13 不同攻角下二次加载峰值
Figure 13. Secondary loading peak values at different angles of attack
图 14 90°攻角下二次加载峰值随网格尺寸变化
Figure 14. Variation of the secondary loading peak with mesh size at 90° angle of attack
图 16 冲击因子为1.0时不同攻角下不同测点位移响应
Figure 16. Deflection response of different measuring points at different angles of attack when the shock factor is 1.0
图 17 冲击因子为1.3时不同攻角下不同测点的等效塑性应变分布
Figure 17. Equivalent plastic strain of different measuring points at different angles of attack when the shock factor is 1.3
图 18 爆源-空化层-物面冲击波传递数值模拟示意图
Figure 18. Simulation of explosion source-cavitation layer-surface shock wave transmission
图 24 相同攻角不同冲击因子下典型测点位移响应
Figure 24. Deflection response of typical measuring points under different shock factors at the same angle of attack
图 25 冲击因子为1.3时不同攻角下不同测点的塑性变形云图
Figure 25. Contour of the plastic deformation cloud at different measuring point when the shock factor is 1.3
表 1 螺旋桨材料参数
Table 1. Propeller material parameters
密度/
(kg∙m−3)杨氏模量/
GPa泊松比 强度极限/
MPa7600 117 0.3 630 
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表 2 螺旋桨部分设计参数
Table 2. Design parameters of propeller part
直径D/
mm叶数Z 切面
形状螺距H/
mm螺距比
H/D后倾角α/(°) 毂径比
d/D6000 5 弓型 4200 0.7 15 0.183
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表 3 螺旋桨固有频率数值模拟与理论值对比
Table 3. Comparison of propeller intrinsic frequency between simulation and theoretical values
实体一阶湿模态固有频率/ Hz 壳体一阶湿模态固有频率/Hz 一阶挥舞 一阶扭转 一阶挥舞 一阶扭转 数值模拟 14.87 35.81 12.01 31.91 经验公式 14.09 33.38 14.09 30.54 相对误差/% 5.6 7.3 −14.7 −8.5
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表 4 计算工况
Table 4. Working condition
工况 攻角/(°) 冲击因子/（kg1/2·m−1） 工况 攻角/(°) 冲击因子/（kg1/2·m−1） 1 0 0.4 9 60 0.4 2 0.7 10 0.7 3 1.0 11 1.0 4 1.3 12 1.3 5 30 0.4 13 90 0.4 6 0.7 14 0.7 7 1.0 15 1.0 8 1.3 16 1.3
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表 5 不同尺寸网格数量
Table 5. Mesh quantities for different sizes
轴体尺寸/ mm 桨叶尺寸/ mm 网格数量 200 100 23 343 160 80 57 599 100 50 153 536 90 45 207 462 80 40 302 294 70 35 576 104 60 30 654 490 50 25 1 105 909
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表 6 不同攻角下螺旋桨的塑性损伤情况
Table 6. Plastic damage of propeler at different angles of attack
攻角/(°) 根部塑性
损伤叶片
数量3/4半径叶缘处
塑性损伤峰值
范围/%3/4半径叶缘处
塑性损伤平均值
范围/%塑性损伤
范围总值/%0 5 3.4 3.0 13.1 30 4 1.9 1.3 7.5 60 4 1.0 0.5 3.5 90 5 3.2 2.7 14.4
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表 7 不同攻角塑性损伤情况
Table 7. Plastic damage at different angles of attack
攻角/（°） 叶根塑性损伤模式 塑性损伤范围/% 0 局部塑性 4.4 30 局部塑性 4.2 60 整体塑性 5.6 90 整体塑性 7.9
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