氢气抑爆材料及其抑爆机理研究进展

陈晓坤 王君 程方明

陈晓坤, 王君, 程方明. 氢气抑爆材料及其抑爆机理研究进展[J]. 爆炸与冲击, 2024, 44(11): 111101. doi: 10.11883/bzycj-2023-0418
引用本文: 陈晓坤, 王君, 程方明. 氢气抑爆材料及其抑爆机理研究进展[J]. 爆炸与冲击, 2024, 44(11): 111101. doi: 10.11883/bzycj-2023-0418
CHEN Xiaokun, WANG Jun, CHENG Fangming. Research progress on hydrogen gas explosion suppression materials and their suppression mechanisms[J]. Explosion And Shock Waves, 2024, 44(11): 111101. doi: 10.11883/bzycj-2023-0418
Citation: CHEN Xiaokun, WANG Jun, CHENG Fangming. Research progress on hydrogen gas explosion suppression materials and their suppression mechanisms[J]. Explosion And Shock Waves, 2024, 44(11): 111101. doi: 10.11883/bzycj-2023-0418

氢气抑爆材料及其抑爆机理研究进展

doi: 10.11883/bzycj-2023-0418
基金项目: 国家重点研发计划(2021YFB4000905)
详细信息
    作者简介:

    陈晓坤(1961- ),男,博士,教授,Chenxk@xust.edu.cn

    通讯作者:

    程方明(1982-  ),男,博士,教授,chengfm@xust.edu.cn

  • 中图分类号: O389

Research progress on hydrogen gas explosion suppression materials and their suppression mechanisms

  • 摘要: 氢气在全球清洁能源转型中扮演着关键角色,但其可燃性和高爆炸危害性也使得氢气安全成为研究热点。聚焦氢气抑爆领域的最新研究成果,对不同种类抑爆材料及抑爆机理进行了综合评述。首先,介绍了气体、液体、固体以及多相复合抑爆材料的研究进展,对比分析了抑爆效果、关键参数及其变化规律。其次,探讨了抑爆材料影响氢气爆炸的物理、化学以及物理化学综合的作用过程,以揭示各类材料的抑爆机理。最后,展望了氢气抑爆材料的未来发展趋势,强调对高效能抑爆材料探索和机理研究的深化以及在实际应用中所面临的诸多挑战。
  • 图  1  不活泼气体对掺氢混合气体燃爆特性的影响[18, 20]

    Figure  1.  The impact of inert gases on the deflagration characteristics of hydrogen-doped gas mixture[18, 20]

    图  2  不活泼气体对氢气燃爆现象的影响[23]

    Figure  2.  Influences of inert gases on the combustion behaviors of hydrogen gas[23]

    图  3  惰性粒子云对氢气燃爆的影响[32]

    Figure  3.  The influence of inert particle cloud on the explosion behavior of hydrogen gas[32]

    图  4  不活泼气体及卤代烷烃对氢气爆炸极限的影响[33]

    Figure  4.  Influence of inert gases and halogenated hydrocarbons on the explosion limits of hydrogen gas[33]

    图  5  七氟丙烷[35]、CH2FCF3和C2HF5[37]对氢气燃爆的影响

    Figure  5.  Effects of CF3CHFCH3[35], CH2FCF3, and C2HF5[37] on hydrogen deflagration

    图  6  CHF3和 C2HF5对不同当量比下氢气预混气体火焰形态的影响[38]

    Figure  6.  Influence of CHF3 and C2HF5 on the flame morphology of hydrogen premixed gas with different equivalence ratios[38]

    图  7  i-C4H8对氢气燃爆的影响[39]

    Figure  7.  Influence of i-C4H8 on the explosion behavior of hydrogen gas[39]

    图  8  i-C4H8+CO2对氢气燃爆的影响[40]

    Figure  8.  Influence of i-C4H8+CO2 on the explosion behavior of hydrogen gas[40]

    图  9  细水雾抑制氢气燃爆特性的影响[47-50]

    Figure  9.  Effect of fine water mist on suppressing hydrogen deflagration characteristics[47-50]

    图  10  NaHCO3水雾对预混气体火焰传播、平均火焰传播速度的影响[51]

    Figure  10.  Influence of NaHCO3 water mist on premixed gas flame propagation and average flame propagation velocity[51]

    图  11  细水雾和含DMMP细水雾对氢气预混气体的抑制作用分析[52]

    Figure  11.  Analysis of the suppression effects of fine water mist and fine water mist with DMMP on hydrogen premixed gas[52]

    图  12  粉体对氢气预混气体爆炸压力及其峰值的影响[54-56]

    Figure  12.  Effects of particulate matters on the explosion pressure and its peak value of hydrogen premixed gas [54-56]

    图  13  多相复合材料抑爆作用[63-64]

    Figure  13.  Explosive suppression effect of multiphase composite materials[63-64]

    图  14  不活泼气体对氢气燃爆特性的影响[23,27,73]

    Figure  14.  Effects of inert gases on the deflagration characteristics of hydrogen[23,27,73]

    图  15  卤代烃的敏感性分析[38]

    Figure  15.  Sensitivity analysis of halogenated hydrocarbons[38]

    图  16  HFC-227ea的敏感性分析[81]

    Figure  16.  Sensitivity analysis of HFC-227ea[81]

    图  17  抑制机理示意图[51,74]

    Figure  17.  Fire extinguishing mechanism schemati[51,74]

    图  18  BC粉末爆炸抑制过程[54]

    Figure  18.  Explosion process suppressed by BC powder[54]

    表  1  近年氢气泄漏爆炸事故

    Table  1.   Recent hydrogen gas leak explosion incidents

    事故时间 事故地点 事故原因 事故后果
    2018年3月12日 中国江西省九江市一石化企业 柴油加氢装置原料缓冲罐超压爆炸着火 2人死亡,1人受伤
    直接经济损失约338万元
    2019年5月23日 韩国江原道江陵市 在水电解氢气试验的过程中,因操作失误而导致爆炸 2人死亡,6人受伤
    2019年6月1日 美国加州圣塔克拉拉一化工厂 储氢罐发生泄漏爆炸 无人伤亡,经济损失数万美元,
    当地氢燃料供应被迫中断
    2019年6月 挪威桑维卡一合营加氢站 高压储氢罐一特殊插头装配错误 2人受伤
    经济损失约2亿欧元
    2019年12月 威斯康星州沃基工厂 储氢区发生爆炸起火 1人受伤
    2020年1月14日 中国珠海长炼石化设备有限公司 重整加氢装置预加单元发生闪爆 无人伤亡
    直接经济损失198万元
    2020年4月 美国北卡州朗维尤一氢燃料工厂 加氢站爆炸 无人伤亡,损失数百美元
    2021年8月4日 中国辽宁沈阳经济开发区
    一企业院
    加氢站内卸车柱上软管破裂导致氢气罐爆燃 无人伤亡
    直接经济损失1475万元
    2021年9月11日 湖南省永兴镇马田镇 个人私自利用液化石油气钢瓶制氢,
    导致其制氢罐发生爆炸
    1人死亡,1人受伤
    直接经济损失超93万元
    2022年4月24日 中国石化齐鲁石化胜利炼油厂 氢气泄漏着火 无人伤亡
    直接经济损失180万元
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  2  CO2等不活泼气体抑制氢气的实验研究[21-30]

    Table  2.   Experimental studies on the inhibition of hydrogen by inert gases, including CO2[21-30]

    研究人员 研究对象 实验装置 抑爆剂 结论
    刘原一等[21] H2/CO 2 m长不锈钢
    管道
    N2、CO2 CO2对混合气爆燃特性的影响强于N2,主要表现在燃爆下限和压力波传播上
    Yan等[22] H2/CO 球形爆炸室 N2、CO2 随着CO2和N2含量的增加,绝热火焰温度、热扩散系数和活性自由基摩尔分数不断降低,
    使层流燃烧速度降低。其次,CO2抑制氢气爆炸压力比N2更有效
    Li等[23] H2 肥皂泡装置 He、Ar、
    N2、CO2
    影响热扩散系数、绝热火焰温度、层流燃烧速度和热膨胀率的降低排序:He>Ar>N2>CO2,且N2不存在第三体效应,第三体效应:CO2>Ar>He,因此,CO2是缓解氢气爆炸较有效的添加物
    Wei等[24] H2 定容燃烧弹 Ar、N2、CO2 不活泼气体的稀释减缓了火焰在燃烧室中的传播。抑制作用由小到大依次是Ar、N2、CO2
    Wang等[25] H2 7.3 L圆筒
    封闭容器
    Ar、N2、CO2 CO2比热高于N2和Ar,且CO2对能量损失的增加最显著,N2和Ar次之,
    因此CO2的抑制效果优于Ar和N2
    邹颖等[26] H2 20L爆炸球 N2、CO2 CO2在爆炸压力及压力增长率方面的抑制效果优于N2
    Wang等[27] H2/LPG 20L爆炸球 N2、CO2 比较了爆炸压力、自由基的摩尔分数和产生速率,得出CO2抑制作用优于N2
    其中N2主要起到了物理抑制作用,而CO2还发挥了化学抑制作用
    Chang等[28] H2 20 L标准球形
    爆炸容器中
    N2、CO2 N2、CO2气体稀释的抑制作用可以平衡湍流的促进作用。在某些情况下,由于CO2的分子量较大,其对爆炸行为的增强作用比N2射流更明显
    Wu等[29] H2 圆柱形停滞室 N2、CO2 从火焰长度减速比的比较可知,CO2与N2的减缓效果非常接近
    Zhang等[30] H2 爆炸管道 N2、CO2 比较了爆炸压力、燃烧持续时间和火焰传播等爆炸参数,验证了CO2比N2抑制效果强。
    此外,多层爆炸抑制对不同侧缓蚀剂的抑制效果最好
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  3  惰性气体对绝热火焰温度的影响[23]

    Table  3.   Effects of inert gases on adiabatic flame temperature[23]

    当量比绝热火焰温度/K
    HeArN2CO2
    0.62764.92764.92222.51645.6
    0.82988.82988.82566.21955.6
    1.03090.13090.12760.82464.1
    1.43069.83069.82705.82076.7
    2.02853.02853.02478.21865.4
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  4  卤代烃与活化中心化学反应参数对比[77]

    Table  4.   Comparison of halogenated hydrocarbons and activation center chemical reaction parameters[77]

    反应过程活化能$ {E}_{\mathrm{a}} $/(kJ∙mol−1)反应速率常数$ K $/(cm³∙mol−1∙s−1)
    CHF3+OH·→CF3+H2O19.102.71×10-16
    CHClF2+OH·→CClF2+ H2O12.724.60×10-15
    CH2FCF3+OH·→CHFCF3+H2O12.804.16×10-15
    C2HF5+OH·→C2F5+H2O13.801.90×10-15
    下载: 导出CSV
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  • 收稿日期:  2023-11-21
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