混凝土中多点聚集爆炸效应起爆参数优化设计

时本军; 李杰; 徐小辉; 徐天涵; 郭纬; 李孝臣; 李超; 李干

doi:10.11883/bzycj-2024-0023

混凝土中多点聚集爆炸效应起爆参数优化设计

doi: 10.11883/bzycj-2024-0023

中国人民解放军陆军工程大学爆炸冲击防灾减灾全国重点实验室，江苏南京 210007

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金（52279120，12072371）；江苏省自然科学基金（BK20221528）；爆炸冲击防灾减灾全国重点实验室基金（LGD-SKL-202202）

详细信息

作者简介:
时本军（1993－　），男，博士研究生，benjunshi@163.com

通讯作者:
李　杰（1981－　），男，博士，教授，lijierf@163.com

中图分类号: O382
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2024-01-09
- 修回日期: 2024-09-03
- 网络出版日期: 2024-09-04

Optimization of detonation parameters for multi-point aggregated explosion effects in concrete

State Key Laboratory of Explosion & Impact and Disaster Prevention & Mitigation, Army Engineering University of PLA, Nanjing 210007, Jiangsu, China

摘要

摘要: 混凝土介质中多点同时或彼此微差爆炸可产生复杂的地冲击波叠加聚集效应，从而使特定作用区域内的地冲击波压力显著增强，大大提升爆炸的毁伤威力。为获取多点爆源不同排布方式下爆炸聚集效应及地冲击传播衰减规律，进行了混凝土中单点和七点聚集爆炸的现场和数值模拟试验，基于正交设计方法和灰色系统理论对多点起爆参数进行了优化设计，建立了比例装药间距、比例有源装药高度和比例起爆微差等因素与不同爆心距下峰值压力间的灰色关联度系数及灰色关联度，确定了起爆参数的优选组合，并开展了数值模拟试验检验。分析结果表明：影响地冲击聚集效应的主要因素为比例装药间距，其次为比例起爆微差，最次为比例有源装药高度。在本模拟试验情况下，采用优化的起爆参数时，即在比例装药间距为0.549 m/kg^1/3、比例起爆微差0.239 m/kg^1/3和比例有源装药高度为0 m/kg^1/3时，地冲击波聚集效应达到最佳，最大可达单点同等装药量产生的地冲击压力的4.7倍。
- 灰色理论 /
- 聚集爆炸 /
- 混凝土 /
- 关联度 /
- 优化设计
Abstract: Simultaneous or slightly different explosions at multiple points in the concrete medium can generate a complex superposition and aggregation effect of ground shock waves, significantly enhancing the pressure of ground shock waves in a specific area and greatly improving the destructive power of the explosion. In order to obtain the explosion aggregation effect and ground shock propagation attenuation law under the different arrangement of multi-point explosive sources. Firstly, field tests were carried out on single and seven-point aggregated explosions in concrete. Then, the reliability of the RHT material model parameters and the SPH numerical algorithm were verified based on experimental data. On this basis through the orthogonal design method and gray system theory on the multi-point detonation parameters for the optimization of design. Gray correlation coefficients and gray correlations between scaled charge spacing, scaled active charge height, scaled detonation time difference and peak pressure at different proportional bursting center distances were established. Finally, single-objective factor optimization and multi-objective factor optimization were identified, a set of preferred combinations of each factor was determined, and simulation tests were conducted to verify the results. The analysis results show that the concrete material model of RHT and the SPH algorithm can reasonably predict the shock wave propagation attenuation characteristics of multipoint charge explosions at different scaled bursting center distances as well as the induced damage and destruction of concrete; The main factors affecting the impact of the ground shock aggregation of explosive effect, in order of magnitude: scaled charge spacing, scaled detonation time difference and scaled active charge height. The use of optimized detonation parameters, that is, in the case of this test, in the proportional charge spacing 0.549 m/kg^1/3, the proportional detonation time difference of 0.239 m/kg^1/3, the proportional active charge height of 0, the ground shock aggregation effect to achieve the best, up to the same amount of single-point group charging the same amount of ground shock pressure of 4.7 times.
- gray theory /
- aggregated explosion /
- concrete /
- degree of association /
- optimal design

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图 1 多点爆炸模型

Figure 1. Multi-point explosion model

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图 2 有限元模型及边界条件

Figure 2. Finite element model and boundary conditions

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图 3 RHT模型原理

Figure 3. Principle of the RHT model

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图 4 不同网格尺寸模拟得到的距装药中心不同距离处混凝土中的应力时间历程

Figure 4. Stress-time histories at different monitoring points in concrete with different distances away from the explosive charge center simulated by applying different mesh sizes

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图 5 两种试验工况

Figure 5. Two test conditions

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图 6 TNT药球

Figure 6. TNT explosive balls

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图 7 混凝土靶体

Figure 7. Concrete targets

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图 8 封闭爆炸时数值模拟结果与试验结果对比

Figure 8. Comparison of numerical simulation results and experimental ones during closed explosion

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图 9 不同工况下测点的压力时程以及相应的数值模拟结果

Figure 9. Stress-time histories at the measured points under different test conditions and the corresponding numerically-simulated results

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图 10 爆炸波峰值应力随距离的变化

Figure 10. Variation of peak blast wave stress with distance

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图 11 装药布置的示意图

Figure 11. Schematic diagrams of the charge arrangements

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图 12 装药中心正下方应力时程曲线

Figure 12. Stress-time curves directly below the center of the charge

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图 13 不同装药间距下装药下方比例爆心距0.191和1.62 m/kg^1/3处的压力分布

Figure 13. Pressure distribution at the scaled distances to explosion center 0.191 and 1.62 m/kg^1/3 below the charge center under different charge spacings

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图 14 不同装药间距下峰值应力衰减曲线及放大倍数

Figure 14. Peak stress decay curves and their magnifications for different charge spacings

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图 15 优化后起爆参数峰值应力衰减曲线及放大倍数

Figure 15. Optimized peak stress decay curve and amplification of detonation parameters

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表 1 TNT炸药的参数

Table 1. Parameters for TNT explosive

ρ₀/(g·cm⁻³)	A/GPa	B/GPa	R₁	R₂	ω	D/(km·s⁻¹)	E₀/GPa
1.63	373.77	3.7471	4.15	0.90	0.35	6.93	6.0

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表 2 试验与数值模拟得到的弹坑尺寸

Table 2. Crater dimensions by test and numerical simulation

工况	弹坑的深度			弹坑的直径
工况	模拟值/m	试验值/m	偏差/%	模拟值/m	试验值/m	偏差/%
七点爆炸	0.441	0.430	2.56	0.748	0.755	−0.93
单点爆炸	0.530	0.490	8.16	0.225	0.200	12.50

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表 3 试验与数值荷载峰值比较

Table 3. Comparison of experimental and numerical peak loads

工况	测点	荷载峰值
工况	测点	模拟值/MPa	试验值/MPa	偏差/%
七点爆炸	S1	29.7	29.2	1.71
七点爆炸	S3	16.0	14.6	9.59
单点爆炸	S1	79.2	59.0	34.23
单点爆炸	S4	3.9	3.7	5.41

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表 4 不同比例装药间距下拟合参数

Table 4. Fitting parameters for different proportions of charge spacing

Ω/(m∙kg^−1/3)	K	N	Ω/(m∙kg^−1/3)	K	N
0	10.218	−1.810	0.549	14.843	−0.652
0.239	11.826	−1.597	0.812	11.218	−0.627
0.406	13.851	−1.169	0.955	10.220	−0.629

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表 5 控制因素和控制水平

Table 5. Control factors and level of control

控制因素	水平
控制因素	1	2	3
(X₁) Ω/(m∙kg^−1/3)	0.406	0.549	0.812
(X₂)$\varPsi $/(m∙kg^−1/3)	0	0.048	0.095
(X₃)$\varGamma $/(m∙kg^−1/3)	0	0.239	0.477

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表 6 试验设计L₉(3⁴)矩阵

Table 6. Experimental design L₉(3⁴) matrix

方案	水平组合			方案	水平组合
方案	Ω	Ψ	Γ	方案	Ω	Ψ	Γ
1	1	1	1	6	2	3	2
2	1	2	2	7	3	1	2
3	1	3	3	8	3	2	3
4	2	1	3	9	3	3	1
5	2	2	1

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表 7 正交试验各序列区间值像

Table 7. Orthogonal test interval values for each sequence

工况	序列区间值像
工况	x₁(k)	x₂(k)	x₃(k)	y₁(k)	y₂(k)	y₃(k)
1	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.108	0.020	0.000
2	0.000	0.505	0.501	0.302	0.247	0.340
3	0.000	1.000	1.000	0.401	0.408	0.228
4	0.352	0.000	1.000	0.305	0.370	0.325
5	0.352	0.505	0.000	1.000	1.000	1.000
6	0.352	1.000	0.501	0.535	0.399	0.324
7	1.000	0.000	0.501	0.732	0.651	0.469
8	1.000	0.505	1.000	0.000	0.000	0.015
9	1.000	1.000	0.000	0.165	0.546	0.699

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表 8 3种因素在3种水平下就S3峰值应力的关联度系数和关联度

Table 8. Correlation coefficients and correlation of peak S3 stress at different levels of different factors

工况	关联度系数
工况	Ω	$\varPsi $	$\varGamma $
1	0.925	0.925	0.925
2	0.773	0.844	0.847
3	0.713	0.618	0.618
4	0.986	0.771	0.580
5	0.598	0.665	0.486
6	0.860	0.680	1.000
7	0.796	0.567	0.823
8	0.486	0.660	0.486
9	0.533	0.533	0.875
关联度	0.741	0.696	0.738

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表 9 多目标灰色关联度系数平均值

Table 9. Mean values of gray correlation coefficients for pairs of indicators

控制因素	平均灰色关联系数
控制因素	1	2	3
Ω	0.816	0.829	0.601
$\varPsi $	0.763	0.696	0.604
$\varGamma $	0.590	0.870	0.533

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