爆炸作用下建筑结构高效毁伤评估方法

吕晋贤 吴昊 卢永刚 陈德

吕晋贤, 吴昊, 卢永刚, 陈德. 爆炸作用下建筑结构高效毁伤评估方法[J]. 爆炸与冲击. doi: 10.11883/bzycj-2024-0053
引用本文: 吕晋贤, 吴昊, 卢永刚, 陈德. 爆炸作用下建筑结构高效毁伤评估方法[J]. 爆炸与冲击. doi: 10.11883/bzycj-2024-0053
LYU Jinxian, WU Hao, LU Yonggang, CHEN De. High-efficiency assessment method of damage to building structures under explosions[J]. Explosion And Shock Waves. doi: 10.11883/bzycj-2024-0053
Citation: LYU Jinxian, WU Hao, LU Yonggang, CHEN De. High-efficiency assessment method of damage to building structures under explosions[J]. Explosion And Shock Waves. doi: 10.11883/bzycj-2024-0053

爆炸作用下建筑结构高效毁伤评估方法

doi: 10.11883/bzycj-2024-0053
基金项目: 国家自然科学基金(52078379)
详细信息
    作者简介:

    吕晋贤(1999- ),男,博士研究生,2111022@tongji.edu.cn

    通讯作者:

    吴 昊(1981- ),男,博士,教授,wuhaocivil@tongji.edu.cn

  • 中图分类号: O389; TU375; TU318

High-efficiency assessment method of damage to building structures under explosions

  • 摘要: 为综合评估战后建筑结构的毁伤等级,针对爆炸作用下典型地面建筑,即含填充墙钢筋混凝土(reinforced concrete,RC)框架结构,提出了损伤破坏和倒塌的高精度数值仿真分析方法,并通过RC结构爆炸试验、倒塌事故和砌体墙爆炸试验进行了充分验证;其次,开展了典型3层原型RC框架结构在不同爆炸当量(25~200 kg TNT)下的内爆炸数值仿真,定量分析了爆炸冲击波在建筑结构内部的传播、结构损伤破坏和墙体飞散等。爆炸作用下建筑结构的高效毁伤评估流程为:结合镜像爆源和非线性叠加原理确定内爆炸荷载,基于等效单自由度方法评估梁、板、柱及墙体构件的毁伤等级,引入构件重要性系数加权确定房间毁伤等级,考虑房间功能及位置重要性评估整体结构的毁伤等级。高精度数值仿真分析与毁伤评估方法计算的典型RC框架结构的整体毁伤等级一致,即在25、100和200 kg TNT爆炸下RC结构分别呈现轻度、中度和重度毁伤,毁伤评估方法可缩短99%以上的计算耗时,兼具可靠性与时效性。
  • 图  1  建筑结构混合单元建模方法

    Figure  1.  Hybrid modeling approach of building structures

    图  2  砌体墙简化微观建模方法

    Figure  2.  Simplified micro-model for masonry walls

    图  3  1/4缩尺2层RC框架爆炸试验及其数值仿真结果

    Figure  3.  Explosion test of 1/4-scale 2-story RC frame and its simulation results

    图  4  Murrah联邦大楼爆炸倒塌事故的数值模拟

    Figure  4.  Numerical simulation of blast-induced collapse incident of Murrah Federal Building

    图  5  砌体墙野外爆炸试验及其数值仿真结果

    Figure  5.  Field explosion test of masonry walls and its simulation results

    图  6  砌体墙激波管爆炸试验及其数值仿真结果

    Figure  6.  Shock tube test of masonry walls and its simulation results

    图  7  典型3层含填充墙RC框架结构

    Figure  7.  Typical 3-story masonry-infilled RC frame structure

    图  8  100 kg TNT爆炸工况下冲击波的传播过程以及框架结构的损伤演化过程

    Figure  8.  Propagation of blast waves and damage evolution of RC frame structure under explosion of 100 kg TNT

    图  9  爆炸后RC框架结构的最终损伤云图

    Figure  9.  Post-blast damage contours of RC frame structures

    图  10  镜像爆源分布及冲击波传播

    Figure  10.  Distribution of mirror explosion sources and blast wave propagation

    图  11  密闭结构内爆炸试验中壁面测点的反射超压时程曲线

    Figure  11.  Reflected overpressure-time histories on side walls in internal explosion test of closed structure

    图  12  毁伤评估流程

    Figure  12.  Structural damage assessment procedure

    图  13  RC框架结构内各房间的毁伤系数

    Figure  13.  Damage factors of each room in RC frame structure

    图  14  RC框架结构内各房间的毁伤等级

    Figure  14.  Damage degree of each room in RC frame structures

    表  1  建筑构件毁伤等级判据[22, 30]

    Table  1.   Damage criterion of structural members[22, 30]

    构件类型轻度毁伤判据中度毁伤判据重度毁伤判据
    0<xmax/L≤0.0170.017<xmax/L≤0.053xmax/L>0.053
    0<xmax/L≤0.0170.017<xmax/L≤0.053xmax/L>0.053
    0<xmax/L≤0.0090.009<xmax/L≤0.026xmax/L>0.026
    0<xmax/L≤0.0040.004<xmax/L≤0.009xmax/L>0.009
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  2  RC梁跨中最大挠度的试验[13]和计算结果对比

    Table  2.   Comparison between test[13] and calculated maximum deflection at mid-span of RC beams

    工况 装药量/kg 比例距离/(m·kg−1/3) 跨中最大挠度
    试验[13]/mm 计算/mm 误差/%
    B2-1 0.51 0.44 35 32.03 −8.49
    B2-2 0.45 0.50 25 24.19 −3.24
    B2-3 0.36 0.57 9 7.13 −20.80
    B2-4 0.75 0.40 40 44.96 12.40
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  3  砌体墙跨中最大挠度的试验[41]和计算结果对比

    Table  3.   Comparison between test[41] and calculated maximum deflection at mid-span of masonry walls

    工况 装药量/kg 比例距离/(m·kg−1/3) 跨中最大挠度
    试验[41]/mm 计算/mm 误差/%
    W-1 100 3.45 56.6 55.6 1.8
    W-2 150 3.02 79.5 79.2 0.4
    W-3 250 2.54 118.0 114.0 3.4
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  4  构件的重要性系数

    Table  4.   Importance factor of structural members

    构件类型ηR0ηR
    1内部框架梁0.5
    边跨框架梁1
    2内部楼板1
    屋面板2
    2中柱0.5
    边柱1
    角柱2
    填充墙1内部填充墙0.5
    外部填充墙1
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  5  房间的使用功能重要性系数

    Table  5.   Importance factor for usage of rooms

    功能重要性 重要性描述 η1
    重要 房间用于作战指挥或通信,重要人员或设备常驻 2
    常规 房间用于常规办公或住宿,一般人员或设备常驻 1
    次要 房间用于辅助或临时办公 0.5
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  6  25 kg TNT爆炸作用下RC框架结构内2层中心房间的毁伤等级评估

    Table  6.   Damage degree assessment of central room at the 2nd floor of RC frame structure under explosion of 25 kg TNT

    结构构件 pr,max/MPa te/ms xmax/L 构件毁伤等级 d ηR dηR
    柱C13.44.20.0013轻度0.30.50.15
    柱C23.44.20.0013轻度0.30.50.15
    柱C33.44.20.0013轻度0.30.50.15
    柱C43.44.20.0013轻度0.30.50.15
    梁B110.01.70.0092轻度0.30.50.15
    梁B210.01.70.0092轻度0.30.50.15
    梁B34.54.20.0055轻度0.30.50.15
    梁B44.54.20.0055轻度0.30.50.15
    顶板32.81.05.6重度111
    底板32.81.05.6重度111
    墙W117.21.3不收敛重度10.50.5
    墙W217.21.3不收敛重度10.50.5
    墙W34.74.2不收敛重度10.50.5
    墙W44.74.2不收敛重度10.50.5
    总计Dr=5.2/8=0.65(重度)85.2
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  7  毁伤评估方法和高精度数值仿真分析方法的对比

    Table  7.   Comparison between damage assessment method and high-fidelity numerical simulation approach

    爆炸工况 整体结构的毁伤等级 用时
    仿真分析 毁伤评估方法 仿真分析/d 毁伤评估方法/h
    25 kg TNT中心房间爆炸 轻度毁伤 轻度毁伤 7 0.4
    100 kg TNT中心房间爆炸 中度毁伤 中度毁伤 9 0.6
    200 kg TNT中心房间爆炸 重度毁伤 重度毁伤 10 0.7
    下载: 导出CSV
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出版历程
  • 收稿日期:  2024-02-26
  • 修回日期:  2024-05-09
  • 网络出版日期:  2024-05-11

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