爆炸作用下建筑结构高效毁伤评估方法

吕晋贤; 吴昊; 卢永刚; 陈德

doi:10.11883/bzycj-2024-0053

爆炸作用下建筑结构高效毁伤评估方法

doi: 10.11883/bzycj-2024-0053

吕晋贤^1,,
吴昊^1, ,,
卢永刚²,
陈德¹

1.
同济大学土木工程学院，上海 200092
2.
中国工程物理研究院总体工程研究所，四川绵阳 621999

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金（52078379）

详细信息

作者简介:
吕晋贤（1999－　），男，博士研究生，2111022@tongji.edu.cn

通讯作者:
吴　昊（1981－　），男，博士，教授，wuhaocivil@tongji.edu.cn

中图分类号: O389; TU375; TU318
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- 文章访问数: 609
- HTML全文浏览量: 119
- PDF下载量: 191
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2024-02-26
- 修回日期: 2024-05-09
- 网络出版日期: 2024-05-11
- 刊出日期: 2025-01-01

High-efficiency assessment method of damage for building structures under explosions

LYU Jinxian^1
,,
WU Hao^{1
, ,},
LU Yonggang²,
CHEN De¹

1.
College of Civil Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
2.
Institute of Systems Engineering, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang 621999, Sichuan, China

摘要

摘要: 为综合评估战后建筑结构的毁伤等级，针对爆炸作用下典型地面建筑，即含填充墙钢筋混凝土（reinforced concrete，RC）框架结构，提出了损伤破坏和倒塌的高精度数值仿真分析方法，并通过RC结构爆炸试验、倒塌事故和砌体墙爆炸试验进行了充分验证；开展了典型3层原型RC框架结构在不同爆炸当量（25~200 kg TNT）下的内爆炸数值仿真，定量分析了爆炸冲击波在建筑结构内部的传播、结构损伤破坏和墙体飞散等。爆炸作用下建筑结构的高效毁伤评估流程为：结合镜像爆源和非线性叠加原理确定内爆炸荷载，基于等效单自由度方法评估梁、板、柱及墙体构件的毁伤等级，引入构件重要性系数加权确定房间毁伤等级，考虑房间功能及位置重要性评估整体结构的毁伤等级。高精度数值仿真分析与毁伤评估方法计算的典型RC框架结构的整体毁伤等级一致，即在25、100和200 kg TNT爆炸下RC结构分别呈现轻度、中度和重度毁伤，毁伤评估方法可缩短99%以上的计算耗时，兼具可靠性与时效性。
- 爆炸荷载 /
- 建筑结构 /
- 毁伤评估方法 /
- 损伤破坏
Abstract: Damage assessment of building structures plays an important role in military operations and engineering protection design. However, there is a lack of high-efficiency and validated damage assessment methods due to the complexity, variety, and large size of building structures. Therefore, a structural damage assessment method was proposed based on the high-precision numerical simulation analysis, in which the blast loadings, as well as the damage degrees of members, rooms, and building structures, were comprehensively considered. Firstly, the typical explosion tests and collapse accidents of reinforced concrete (RC) structures and masonry walls were numerically reproduced to verify the reliability of the numerical simulation approach for masonry-infilled RC frame structures. Subsequently, the blast-resistant analysis of a typical three-story masonry-infilled RC frame structure was conducted under internal explosions of different charge weights (25−200 kg TNT), including the propagation of blast waves, structural damage, and scattering of infilled walls. Besides, the proposed high-efficiency assessment method exhibited four key characteristics: (1) the concept of mirror explosion source and the non-linear shock addition rules were combined to predict the internal blast loadings in central and adjacent rooms; (2) the damage degrees of structural and non-structural members, i.e., beams, slabs, columns, and infilled walls, were determined by the equivalent single degree of freedom method; (3) the importance factor of members was considered and weighted to evaluate the damage degree of the room; (4) the influence of usage and location of each room on the damage degree of the building structure was considered. Finally, the proposed assessment method was employed to predict the aforementioned explosion scenarios. It derives that the RC frame structures exhibit slight, moderate, and severe damage under the explosions of 25, 100, and 200 kg TNT, respectively. The predicted damage degrees are identical to the simulation results, while the calculation time is reduced by over 99%. Therefore, the proposed method possesses reliability and timeliness in damage assessment of building structures.
- blast loadings /
- building structure /
- damage assessment method /
- damage and failure

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图 1 建筑结构混合单元建模方法

Figure 1. Hybrid modeling approach of building structures

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图 2 砌体墙简化微观建模方法

Figure 2. Simplified micro-model for masonry walls

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图 3 1/4缩尺2层RC框架爆炸试验及其数值仿真结果

Figure 3. Explosion test of 1/4-scale 2-story RC frame and its simulation results

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图 4 Murrah联邦大楼爆炸倒塌事故的数值模拟

Figure 4. Numerical simulation of blast-induced collapse incident of Murrah Federal Building

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图 5 砌体墙野外爆炸试验及其数值仿真结果

Figure 5. Field explosion test of masonry walls and its simulation results

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图 6 砌体墙激波管爆炸试验及其数值仿真结果

Figure 6. Shock tube test of masonry walls and its simulation results

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图 7 典型3层含填充墙RC框架结构

Figure 7. Typical 3-story masonry-infilled RC frame structure

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图 8 100 kg TNT爆炸工况下冲击波的传播过程以及框架结构的损伤演化过程

Figure 8. Propagation of blast waves and damage evolution of RC frame structure under explosion of 100 kg TNT

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图 9 爆炸后RC框架结构的最终损伤云图

Figure 9. Post-blast damage contours of RC frame structures

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图 10 镜像爆源分布及冲击波传播

Figure 10. Distribution of mirror explosion sources and blast wave propagation

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图 11 密闭结构内爆炸试验中壁面测点的反射超压时程曲线

Figure 11. Reflected overpressure-time histories on side walls in internal explosion test of closed structure

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图 12 毁伤评估流程

Figure 12. Structural damage assessment procedure

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图 13 RC框架结构内各房间的毁伤系数

Figure 13. Damage factors of each room in RC frame structure

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图 14 RC框架结构内各房间的毁伤等级

Figure 14. Damage degree of each room in RC frame structures

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表 1 建筑构件毁伤等级判据^{[22, 30]}

Table 1. Damage criterion of structural members^{[22, 30]}

构件类型	轻度毁伤判据	中度毁伤判据	重度毁伤判据
梁	0<x_max/L≤0.017	0.017<x_max/L≤0.053	x_max/L>0.053
板	0<x_max/L≤0.017	0.017<x_max/L≤0.053	x_max/L>0.053
柱	0<x_max/L≤0.009	0.009<x_max/L≤0.026	x_max/L>0.026
墙	0<x_max/L≤0.004	0.004<x_max/L≤0.009	x_max/L>0.009

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表 2 RC梁跨中最大挠度的试验^[13]与计算结果对比

Table 2. Comparison between test^[13] and calculated maximum deflection at mid-span of RC beams

工况	装药量/kg	比例距离/(m·kg^−1/3)	跨中最大挠度
工况	装药量/kg	比例距离/(m·kg^−1/3)	试验^[13]/mm	计算/mm	误差/%
B2-1	0.51	0.44	35	32.03	−8.49
B2-2	0.45	0.50	25	24.19	−3.24
B2-3	0.36	0.57	9	7.13	−20.80
B2-4	0.75	0.40	40	44.96	12.40

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表 3 砌体墙跨中最大挠度的试验^[41]和计算结果对比

Table 3. Comparison between test^[41] and calculated maximum deflection at mid-span of masonry walls

工况	装药量/kg	比例距离/(m·kg^−1/3)	跨中最大挠度
工况	装药量/kg	比例距离/(m·kg^−1/3)	试验^[41]/mm	计算/mm	误差/%
W-1	100	3.45	56.6	55.6	1.8
W-2	150	3.02	79.5	79.2	0.4
W-3	250	2.54	118.0	114.0	3.4

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表 4 构件的重要性系数

Table 4. Importance factor of structural members

构件类型	η_R0	η_R
梁	1	内部框架梁0.5
梁	1	边跨框架梁1
板	2	内部楼板1
板	2	屋面板2
柱	2	中柱0.5
		边柱1
		角柱2
填充墙	1	内部填充墙0.5
填充墙	1	外部填充墙1

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表 5 房间的使用功能重要性系数

Table 5. Importance factor for usage of rooms

功能重要性	重要性描述	η₁
重要	房间用于作战指挥或通信，重要人员或设备常驻	2.0
常规	房间用于常规办公或住宿，一般人员或设备常驻	1.0
次要	房间用于辅助或临时办公	0.5

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表 6 25 kg TNT爆炸作用下RC框架结构内2层中心房间的毁伤等级评估

Table 6. Damage degree assessment of central room at the 2^nd floor of RC frame structure under explosion of 25 kg TNT

结构构件	p_r,max/MPa	t_e/ms	x_max/L	构件毁伤等级	d	η_R	dη_R
柱C1	3.4	4.2	0.0013	轻度	0.3	0.5	0.15
柱C2	3.4	4.2	0.0013	轻度	0.3	0.5	0.15
柱C3	3.4	4.2	0.0013	轻度	0.3	0.5	0.15
柱C4	3.4	4.2	0.0013	轻度	0.3	0.5	0.15
梁B1	10.0	1.7	0.0092	轻度	0.3	0.5	0.15
梁B2	10.0	1.7	0.0092	轻度	0.3	0.5	0.15
梁B3	4.5	4.2	0.0055	轻度	0.3	0.5	0.15
梁B4	4.5	4.2	0.0055	轻度	0.3	0.5	0.15
顶板	32.8	1.0	5.6	重度	1.0	1.0	1.00
底板	32.8	1.0	5.6	重度	1.0	1.0	1.00
墙W1	17.2	1.3	不收敛	重度	1.0	0.5	0.50
墙W2	17.2	1.3	不收敛	重度	1.0	0.5	0.50
墙W3	4.7	4.2	不收敛	重度	1.0	0.5	0.50
墙W4	4.7	4.2	不收敛	重度	1.0	0.5	0.50
总计			D_r=5.20/8.0=0.65（重度）			8.0	5.20

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表 7 毁伤评估方法和高精度数值仿真分析方法的对比

Table 7. Comparison between damage assessment method and high-fidelity numerical simulation approach

爆炸工况	整体结构的毁伤等级		用时
爆炸工况	仿真分析	毁伤评估方法	仿真分析/d	毁伤评估方法/h
25 kg TNT中心房间爆炸	轻度毁伤	轻度毁伤	7	0.4
100 kg TNT中心房间爆炸	中度毁伤	中度毁伤	9	0.6
200 kg TNT中心房间爆炸	重度毁伤	重度毁伤	10	0.7

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