Robust explicit computational strategies based on penalty method for large-deformation impact problems
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摘要: 为了提高基于罚函数法的显式有限元对大变形接触-碰撞问题仿真的精确性和健壮性，基于前增量位移时间中心差分方法，发展了一种新的大变形接触非侵入算法。将动力方程求解步分解为不考虑接触的预估步和考虑接触的修正步，在当前时刻，采用罚函数法施加接触惩罚力，使其满足非侵入条件，从而提高显式接触计算的精确性；在仅能获得下一时刻位移的情况下，为了精确计算下一时刻的大变形内力，基于任意参考构型大变形理论，将动力学方程内力项映射到已知的参考构型求解，避免使用相关物理量的中间构型近似值，从而降低由大变形计算引入的数值误差。更严格的几何非线性算法以及接触算法可有效抑制实体间的非物理穿透和大变形碰撞过程中的单元畸变，提高计算程序的健壮性。对典型碰撞及侵彻算例进行仿真，并与商业软件的结果进行对比，验证了所发展的大变形接触-碰撞显式算法的正确性，并证明了在高速大变形碰撞仿真方面，当前接触-碰撞显式算法比基于蛙跳格式中心差分和罚函数法的经典接触-碰撞算法更加健壮。Abstract: To improve the accuracy and robustness of the explicit FEM algorithm based on penalty method for simulating large deformation contact-impact problem, a new large-deformation non-penetration contact algorithm based on forward incremental displacement central difference (FIDCD) was developed. On the one hand, according to FIDCD, the solving step of the dynamic equation was decomposed into an estimated step without considering contact and a correction step considering contact constraint. At the current moment, a contact force was applied thorough the penalty method to make the deformation of entities satisfy the non-penetration condition. The contact force was calculated by a soft constraint penalty stiffness, which helped to maintain stability of contact localization. It enhanced the numerical accuracy of the explicit contact computation. On the other hand, to accurately calculate the large-deformation internal force of the next moment while only obtaining the displacement, the internal force term of the dynamic equation was mapped to a known configuration for solution based on the arbitrary reference configurations (ARC) theory. It avoided using the values of variables at intermediate configuration to approximate them, thereby improving the numerical accuracy of the large deformation computation. More rigorous contact algorithms and geometric nonlinear solution strategy can effectively suppress mesh distortion and non-physical penetration between entities during large-deformation impact simulation. This thus improved the robustness of the new explicit algorithm. Finally, the computational program written according to the new developed algorithm was applied to simulate several impact and penetration examples with different impact velocities. By comparing the simulation results with those obtained from commercial software, the correctness of the developed algorithm and computational program was verified. At the same time, it can also be proven that the algorithm proposed is more robust in simulating high-speed and large-deformation impact problems than the classical explicit contact-impact algorithm based on the frog jump center difference scheme combining with penalty method.
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图 3 v0=350 m/s、t=100 μs时撞击杆中心截面等效塑性应变分布
Figure 3. Equivalent plastic strain distribution at the center section of the impact bar when t=100 μs, v0=350 m/s
图 4 v0=350 m/s时撞击杆上不同质点的速度历史与撞击杆动能演化曲线
Figure 4. The velocity history of several material points and the kinetic energy evolution curve of the impact bar when v0=350 m/s
图 5 v0=700 m/s工况下，不同时刻撞击杆与靶体接触局部变形
Figure 5. Local deformation of the impact bar and the target at different times when v0=700 m/s
图 7 偏撞情况下不同时刻两杆变形状态
Figure 7. Deformation configurations of two bars at different times under offset impact
图 8 偏撞情况下采用本文算法预测的28 μs时刻塑性应变分布
Figure 8. Equivalent plastic strain distribution at 28 μs under offset impact predicted by the present method
图 9 瞬态冲击格栅结构初始状态
Figure 9. Initial configuration of transient impact grille structure problem
表 1 撞击杆与靶体材料参数
Table 1. Material parameters of impact bar and target
部件 ρ0/(kg·m−3) E/GPa ν σy/MPa 撞击杆 4400 256 0.2 860 靶体 7800 390 0.3 620 
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表 2 正撞情况下不同时刻两杆的变形状态
Table 2. Deformation configurations of two bars at different times under normal impact
时间 本文算法 LS-DYNA （SOFSCL取1.0，
SFS和SFM取1.0）LS-DYNA（SOFSCL取1.0，
SFS和SFM取10.0）10 μs 
20 μs 
30 μs 
110 μs 
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表 4 弹体外壳与格栅结构失效的材料参数
Table 4. Material parameters for failure description of projectile shell and grille structure
部件 D1 D2 D3 D4 D5 弹体外壳 −0.02 0.4 −1.96 0 0 格栅结构 −0.1 0.5 − 0.6141 0 0
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表 3 弹体外壳与格栅结构变形的材料参数
Table 3. Material parameters for deformation description of projectile shell and grille structure
部件 ρ0/(kg·m−3) E/GPa ν A/MPa B/MPa C n $ {\dot \varepsilon _0} $ 弹体外壳 7800 210 0.3 1453 810 0.003 0.479 2×10−6 格栅结构 7800 210 0.3 706 648 0.013 0.58 2×10−6
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表 5 装药的材料参数
Table 5. Material parameters of charge
ρ0/(kg·m−3) E/GPa ν σy/MPa εf 1460 60 0.3 30 0.8
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