考虑药包爆破动-静时序作用的漏斗形成机理

康普林; 雷涛; 李立峰

doi:10.11883/bzycj-2024-0112

考虑药包爆破动-静时序作用的漏斗形成机理

doi: 10.11883/bzycj-2024-0112

康普林^{1, 2,},
雷涛^{1, 2, ,},
李立峰^{1, 2}

1.
武汉理工大学关键非金属矿产资源绿色利用教育部重点实验室，湖北武汉 430070
2.
武汉理工大学资源与环境工程学院，湖北武汉 430070

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金（52104098）

详细信息

作者简介:
康普林（1998－　），男，硕士研究生，3461113863@qq.com

通讯作者:
雷　涛（1983－　），男，博士，讲师，leitao539@163.com

中图分类号: O383+.1
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- 文章访问数: 60
- HTML全文浏览量: 12
- PDF下载量: 29
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2024-05-06
- 修回日期: 2024-11-24
- 网络出版日期: 2024-11-28

The formation mechanism of blasting crater considering the dynamic-static sequential action of blasting

KANG Pulin^{1, 2
,},
LEI Tao^{1, 2
, ,},
LI Lifeng^{1, 2}

1.
Key Laboratory of Green Utilization of Critical Non-metallic Mineral Resources, Ministry of Education, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China
2.
School of Resources and Environment Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China

摘要

摘要: 为研究爆破漏斗的形成过程和机理，并探究该过程中爆炸应力波与爆生气体的破岩作用，基于双指数型爆炸载荷函数和爆生气体压力状态方程，构建了考虑药包爆破动-静时序作用的爆炸载荷加载模型，结合爆炸应力波和爆生气体的加载特点，建立了爆破漏斗离散元数值模型，并开展了对被爆岩体的裂隙发育及破碎抛掷过程的模拟研究，对比了加载和不加载爆生气体的模拟结果，探讨了爆破漏斗形成过程中爆炸应力波和爆生气体的不同作用。结果表明：考虑药包爆破动-静时序作用的爆炸载荷加载模型模拟的爆破漏斗尺寸与现场试验结果基本吻合，可以较好地反映爆破岩体区域内裂隙的形成与演化规律及破碎岩体的抛掷效果。爆炸应力波加载率较大，是引起爆源近区环状微裂隙的主要原因，同时，它会在自由面处发生反射拉伸，形成“片落”破坏；而爆生气体则是爆源远区径向长裂隙形成的主要原因，此外，它会推动破碎岩体以较大速度向外抛掷。爆生气体不仅具有准静态作用，也存在一定的动态作用，延长了爆破振动的作用时间，加强了爆破振动的速度峰值。漏斗形成过程中的裂隙发育可大致分为爆炸应力波加载致裂、爆生气体加载致裂以及变形能释放致裂3个阶段。
- 爆破漏斗 /
- 爆炸应力波 /
- 爆生气体 /
- 裂隙发育 /
- 动-静时序作用
Abstract: Research on blasting craters is one of the most fundamental studies in blasting engineering. To elucidate the formation process and mechanisms of blasting craters and to investigate the roles of blasting stress waves and explosion gases in rock fragmentation during this process, a blasting load model was developed. This model is based on a double-exponential explosive load function and the equation of state for explosion gas pressure, incorporating the dynamic-static sequential effects of charge detonation. By combining the distinct loading characteristics of blasting stress waves and explosion gases, a discrete element numerical model of the blasting crater was established to simulate the development of fractures, rock fragmentation and ejection of blasted rock. Simulations were performed both with and without the inclusion of explosion gas loading to explore the respective contributions of blasting stress waves and explosion gases to crater formation. The results show that the blasting crater dimensions simulated with the dynamic-static sequential loading model align closely with field test results, accurately capturing the formation and evolution of fractures in the blasting zone as well as the ejection behavior of fragmented rock. The high loading rate of blasting stress waves is the primary cause of ring-shaped microfractures in the near-field region of the explosion source and also induces reflective tensile damage, forming “slice drop” failure at free surfaces. Explosion gases, on the other hand, are the main drivers of radially extensive fractures in the far-field region of the explosion source and propel fragmented rock outward at a high velocity. Explosion gases exhibit not only quasi-static effects but also dynamic effects, extending the duration of blasting vibrations and amplifying the peak vibration velocity. The development of fractures during crater formation can be broadly categorized into three stages: stress wave-induced fracturing, explosion gas-induced fracturing, and deformation energy release-induced fracturing.
- blasting crater /
- blasting stress wave /
- explosion gases /
- fracture development /
- dynamic and static sequential action

HTML全文

图 1 爆炸载荷曲线

Figure 1. Explosion load curve

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图 2 爆炸空腔示意图

Figure 2. Diagram of the blasting crater

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图 3 改进的爆破漏斗模拟流程图

Figure 3. Flowchart of the improved blasting crater simulation

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图 4 模拟结果与试验结果对比

Figure 4. Comparison of the simulation results with the test results

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图 5 岩体应力波传播模型

Figure 5. Stress wave propagation model for rock

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图 6 波形监测图

Figure 6. Waveform monitoring diagram

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图 7 PFC爆破漏斗计算模型

Figure 7. Calculation model of blasting crater by PFC

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图 8 爆炸应力波加载

Figure 8. Loading of blasting stress wave

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图 9 爆炸空腔膨胀及载荷监测

Figure 9. Blasting crater expansion and load monitoring

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图 10 爆破漏斗结果对比

Figure 10. Comparison of blasting crater results

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图 11 速度矢量

Figure 11. Velocity vector

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图 12 监测点速度

Figure 12. Velocities of monitoring points

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图 13 应力力链

Figure 13. Stress force chain

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图 14 应力十字架

Figure 14. Stress cross

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图 15 裂隙发育

Figure 15. Fracture development

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图 16 两种模型在不同时刻的裂隙数量、长度及发育范围

Figure 16. Number, length and developmental extent of clefts at different moments in both models

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表 1 平行黏结模型的细观参数

Table 1. Fine-scale parameters of the parallel bonding model

颗粒密度/ (kg·m⁻³)	颗粒最大半径 R_max/mm	颗粒最小半径 R_min/mm	颗粒摩擦因数	颗粒接触弹性模量/GPa	颗粒刚度比	平行黏结弹性模量/GPa	黏结刚度比	平行黏结抗拉强度/MPa	平行黏结黏聚力/MPa
2 730	16.6	10.0	0.54	3.79	4.0	16.2	4.0	53.5	19.8

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表 2 模型各监测点的主要数据

Table 2. Main data of each monitoring point of the model

模型分组	监测点	速度峰值/(m·s⁻¹)	到达峰值时间/μs	第一次归零时间/μs
联合加载模型	1	3.48	234	1144
	2	1.35	346	1500
	3	0.93	438	1876
单一加载模型	1	3.20	224	146
	2	0.89	288	192
	3	0.41	316	222

下载: 导出CSV

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