含煤基固废漂珠低爆速乳化炸药的爆炸特性和热安全性

韦箫 程扬帆 朱容康 孙仁浩 汪泉

韦箫, 程扬帆, 朱容康, 孙仁浩, 汪泉. 含煤基固废漂珠低爆速乳化炸药的爆炸特性和热安全性[J]. 爆炸与冲击. doi: 10.11883/bzycj-2024-0117
引用本文: 韦箫, 程扬帆, 朱容康, 孙仁浩, 汪泉. 含煤基固废漂珠低爆速乳化炸药的爆炸特性和热安全性[J]. 爆炸与冲击. doi: 10.11883/bzycj-2024-0117
WEI Xiao, CHENG Yangfan, ZHU Rongkang, SUN Renhao, WANG Quan. Explosion characteristics and thermal safety of low detonation velocity emulsion explosives containing coal-based solid waste fly ash microspheres[J]. Explosion And Shock Waves. doi: 10.11883/bzycj-2024-0117
Citation: WEI Xiao, CHENG Yangfan, ZHU Rongkang, SUN Renhao, WANG Quan. Explosion characteristics and thermal safety of low detonation velocity emulsion explosives containing coal-based solid waste fly ash microspheres[J]. Explosion And Shock Waves. doi: 10.11883/bzycj-2024-0117

含煤基固废漂珠低爆速乳化炸药的爆炸特性和热安全性

doi: 10.11883/bzycj-2024-0117
基金项目: 国家自然科学基金(12272001);安徽省高校自然科学基金杰青项目(2023AH020026);
详细信息
    作者简介:

    韦 箫(1999- ),男,硕士研究生,1823739862@qq.com

    通讯作者:

    程扬帆(1987- ),男,博士,教授,博士生导师,cyf518@mail.ustc.edu.cn

  • 中图分类号: O389

Explosion characteristics and thermal safety of low detonation velocity emulsion explosives containing coal-based solid waste fly ash microspheres

  • 摘要: 选用粉煤灰中的漂珠作为敏化剂和惰性添加剂来制备低爆速乳化炸药,研究了漂珠粒径和含量对乳化炸药爆炸特性和安全性的影响;采用探针法、铅柱压缩法和空中爆炸测试法分别测得添加不同粒径含量漂珠乳化炸药的爆速、猛度和空中爆炸冲击波参数,并通过储存期实验和热分析实验对乳化炸药进行安全性测试。结果表明,乳化炸药的爆速、猛度、冲击波峰值压力、正冲量和正压作用时间均随漂珠含量的增加呈先增大后降低的趋势。当漂珠质量分数为15%时,乳化炸药的爆轰性能最佳;当漂珠质量分数为45%时,炸药的爆速显著降低,爆速范围在21912312 m/s,可满足爆炸焊接用炸药的使用条件。此外,发现漂珠含量相同时,添加D50=79 μm漂珠的乳化炸药爆轰性能要高于添加D50=116 μm和D50=47 μm漂珠的乳化炸药。储存期和热分析实验结果表明,添加漂珠的低爆速乳化炸药储存期显著优于传统添加黏土颗粒的低爆速乳化炸药,漂珠的加入并未引发乳化基质产生新的热分解反应,添加15%漂珠的乳化炸药的热分解活化能比乳化基质只增加了0.3%,说明漂珠的加入并未对乳化基质热稳定性产生明显影响。
  • 图  1  漂珠宏观图

    Figure  1.  Macro picture of fly ash microspheres

    图  2  漂珠XRD图谱

    Figure  2.  XRD pattern of the fly ash microspheres

    图  3  漂珠扫描电镜图

    Figure  3.  SEM of the fly ash microspheres

    图  4  爆速测量装置和装药

    Figure  4.  Detonation velocity measuring device and the charge

    图  5  猛度测量装置和装药图

    Figure  5.  Brisance measuring device and the charge diagram

    图  6  球形乳化炸药药包

    Figure  6.  A spherical emulsion explosive charge

    图  7  空中爆炸实验装置示意图

    Figure  7.  Schematic diagram of air explosion experimental device

    图  8  乳化基质和不同漂珠含量(D50=79 μm)乳化炸药微观形貌

    Figure  8.  Micrograph of emulsion matrix and explosives with different content of fly ash microspheres (D50=79 μm)

    图  9  漂珠含量及粒径对于炸药爆速(左)和猛度(右)的影响

    Figure  9.  Influence of mass fraction and particle size of the fly ash microspheres on the detonation velocity (left) and brisance (right) of the explsive

    图  10  添加不同含量漂珠(D50=79 μm)乳化炸药的压力-时间曲线

    Figure  10.  Pressure-time curves of emulsion explosive with different content of fly ash microspheres (D50=79 μm)

    图  11  不同粒径漂珠含量对乳化炸药空中冲击波峰值压力的影响

    Figure  11.  Effect of the fly ash microspheres content of different particle size on peak pressure of air shock wave of emulsion explosive

    图  12  不同含量漂珠乳化炸药爆轰示意图

    Figure  12.  Detonation schematic diagram of emulsion explosive with different content fly ash microspheres

    图  13  5 ℃/min升温速率下乳化基质和乳化炸药的TG曲线

    Figure  13.  TG curve of emulsion matrix and emulsion explosive at 5 ℃/min−1 heating rate

    图  14  四组不同升温速率下的热重曲线

    Figure  14.  Thermal gravity curves of emulsion explosives at four different heating rates

    表  1  乳化基质组分

    Table  1.   Composition of emulsion matrix

    组分NH4NO3NaNO3C18H38C12H26C14H44O6H2O
    质量分数/%75104128
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  2  漂珠元素组成

    Table  2.   Element composition of the fly ash microspheres

    元素 O Na Mg Al Si K Ca Fe
    质量分数/% 34.762 0.019 11.296 35.115 15.034 1.263 0.124 2.387
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  3  乳化炸药配方

    Table  3.   Emulsion explosive formulation

    样本 质量分数/% D50/μm 样本 质量分数/% D50/μm 样本 质量分数/% D50/μm
    乳化基质 漂珠 乳化基质 漂珠 乳化基质 漂珠
    1 95 5 47 6 95 5 79 11 95 5 116
    2 85 15 7 85 15 12 85 15
    3 75 25 8 75 25 13 75 25
    4 65 35 9 65 35 14 65 35
    5 55 45 10 55 45 15 55 45
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  4  漂珠对乳化炸药密度影响

    Table  4.   Effect of the fly ash microspheres on density of emulsion explosive

    质量分数/% 密度/(g·cm−3)
    D50=47 μm D50=79 μm D50=116 μm
    5 1.34 1.33 1.31
    15 1.29 1.27 1.25
    25 1.25 1.22 1.16
    35 1.14 1.11 1.07
    45 0.99 0.97 0.91
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  5  添加不同含量漂珠($D_{50}=47,79 $$116\;{\text{μm}} $)乳化炸药的爆速和猛度

    Table  5.   Detonation velocities and intensities of emulsion explosives with different content of fly ash microspheres ($D_{50}=47,79 $ and $116\;{\text{μm}} $)

    质量分数(%)速度/(m·s−1)猛度/mm
    D50=47 μmD50=79 μmD50=116 μmD50=47 μmD50=79 μmD50=116 μm
    527032836249214.314.414
    1543944488431415.816.115.5
    2537073826365011.711.911.5
    353138326229997.68.07.2
    452237231221914.04.33.5
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  6  添加不同含量漂珠($D_{50}=79\;{\text{μm}} $)乳化炸药的冲击波参数

    Table  6.   Shock wave parameters of emulsion explosives with different contents of the fly microspheres

    质量分数% ΔPmax/kPa t+/μs I+/Pa·s
    5 71.16 475.0 14.52
    15 102.03 498.1 19.07
    25 92.17 487.3 17.68
    35 66.67 464.7 13.39
    45 42.59 426.3 8.75
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  7  不同储存时间下的乳化炸药(漂珠D50=79 μm)爆炸冲击波峰值压力

    Table  7.   Peak pressure of explosion shock wave of emulsion explosives at different storage time (the D50 of fly ash microspheres is 79 μm)

    质量分数/% 冲击波峰值压力/kPa 下降比例/%
    0天后 7天后 30天后 7天后 30天后
    5 71.16 68.77 65.31 3.36 8.22
    15 102.03 99.36 94.03 2.62 7.84
    25 92.17 90.72 86.56 1.57 6.09
    35 66.67 62.28 55.49 6.58 16.77
    45 42.59 40.35 33.70 5.26 20.87
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  8  不同加热速率下样品分解50%的相应温度

    Table  8.   The corresponding temperature of sample decomposition of 50% at different heating rates

    升温速率/ (K·min−1)温度/K
    乳化基质含15% 漂珠
    5513.98512.40
    10526.65525.78
    15535.65532.65
    20542.15541.49
    下载: 导出CSV
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  • 收稿日期:  2023-04-28
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