Study on damage characteristics of foamed aluminum/fiber sandwich structure under the combined loading of near-field blast shock wave and fragments
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摘要: 在简易自制爆炸装置的近场爆炸中,防护结构常受到爆炸冲击波和破片的复合作用,为了提高结构的防护性能,设计并制备了含“泡沫铝/纤维”夹芯复合结构材料,通过开展“爆炸+侵彻”实验,研究复合结构在爆炸冲击波和高速破片复合作用下的失效模式,重点讨论爆炸冲击波和破片两种载荷时序性对毁伤特性的影响,并分析不同材料的吸能机理。研究结果表明:爆距的变化直接影响爆炸冲击波和破片作用的时序性,在本文讨论的工况中,当爆距大于600mm时,破片先于冲击波作用。在冲击波和破片的复合作用下,铝面板除了破片的贯穿破坏外,还伴有局部凹陷变形;泡沫铝自身胞孔结构在冲击载荷作用下发生压溃变形和胞壁屈服碎裂;弹孔处纤维则在破片的侵彻下发生拉伸变形和断裂,并伴有高温失效;铝背板主要以瓣裂撕裂破坏为主。在两种时序性作用下,弹孔的存在削弱了冲击波对铝面板的作用,后序夹芯结构材料和铝背板的变形破坏程度较前序材料更为严重。本研究的开展对轻质复合结构材料在有限空间近爆防护领域中的应用和功能设计提供了技术依据。
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关键词:
Abstract: In the near-field explosion of improvised explosive device, the protective structure is often subjected to the combined action of blast wave and fragments. To improve the protection performance of the structure, a composite structural material containing foamed aluminum/fiber sandwich was designed and prepared. The "explosion + penetration" experiment was carried out to study the failure mode of the composite structure under the combined action of explosion shock wave and high-speed fragments. The influence of the two loading’s timing sequence of explosion shock wave and fragment on the failure mode was discussed, and the energy absorption mechanism of different materials was analyzed. The results show that the change of detonation distance directly affects the timing sequence of the action of explosion shock wave and fragment. In the conditions discussed in this paper, when the detonation distance is greater than 600mm, the fragment acts before the shock wave. Under the combined action of shock wave and fragment, the aluminum plate is accompanied by local sag deformation in addition to the penetration failure of fragments. The cellular structure of foamed aluminum was crushed and deformed under the impact load. The fibers at the bullet hole are stretched and fractured under the penetration of fragments, and are accompanied by high temperature failure. Under the two sequential effects, the existence of bullet holes weakens the effect of shock wave on the front aluminum plate, and the deformation and damage degree of the later sandwich structural material and the rear aluminum plate are more serious than that of the previous material. This research provides a technical basis for the application and functional design of lightweight composite structural materials in the field of near-burst protection in limited space.-
Key words:
- sandwich structure /
- foamed aluminum /
- UHMWPE fiber /
- time sequence /
- damage characteristic
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