Detonation performance and specific impulse characteristics of a PETN-based ultra-thin sheet explosive
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摘要: 薄片炸药加载技术是实验室考核X射线辐照下空间结构动态响应的重要手段。为实现新型空间飞行器结构考核所需的超低比冲量化爆加载载荷，研制了以PETN为主炸药、高聚物橡胶为黏结剂的超薄片炸药。薄片炸药的PETN质量分数为90%～92%，厚度范围为0.15～0.50 mm，密度范围为1.63～1.68 g/cm3，爆速范围为7.44～7.71 km/s。基于炸痕法的爆轰性能实验结果表明：厚度为0.15～0.50 mm的薄片炸药可由装药线密度为0.2 g/m的柔爆索可靠引爆，厚度为0.20～0.50 mm的炸药条均能可靠传爆。利用冲击摆测量装置对不同直径、不同厚度薄片炸药的比冲量特性进行了测试，结合理论分析，给出薄片炸药比冲量和厚度成正比，比例系数为3 418.56 Pa·s/mm，成功实现了厚度为0.20 mm、比冲量约为680 Pa·s超薄片炸药的研制。Abstract: The sheet explosive loading technology is a crucial method for evaluating the dynamic response of the space structure under the X-ray radiation in laboratory. To achieve the ultra-low specific impulse explosive loading required for the structural assessment of new space vehicles, a sheet explosive has been developed, primarily composed of PETN as the main explosive and polymer rubber as the binder. The mass fraction of PETN is 90%–92%, the thickness range is 0.15–0.20 mm, the density range is 1.63–1.68 g/cm3 and the explosive velocity range is 7.44–7.71 km/s. To verify the high-impact initiation sensitivity of the sheet explosive, three rounds of verification experiments were designed based on the blast marketing method. In the experiment, the sheet explosive was directly applied to the effect plate or a certain air gap reserved between the sheet explosive and the effect plate. The detonation of the explosive is confirmed by examining the explosive marks left on the effect plate post-explosion. The experimental results show that: the sheet explosive with a thickness of 0.15–0.50 mm can be reliably detonated by a mild detonating fuse with a charge line density of 0.2 g/m, and the explosive strips with a thickness of 0.20–0.50 mm can reliably transmit detonation. The specific impulse characteristic of the sheet explosive with different diameters and thicknesses was measured and studied by the impact pendulum measurement device. Combined with theoretical analysis, The specific impulse calculation model of sheet explosive was used to perform polynomial fitting on the specific impulse direct measurement data of sheet explosives with thicknesses of 0.20, 0.30, 0.40 and 0.50 mm, respectively. The specific impulse values of sheet explosives with four thicknesses were linearly fitted. The results show that the specific impulse of the sheet explosive is proportional to the thickness and the ratio coefficient is 3 418.56 Pa·s/mm. The development of ultra-thin sheet explosive with a thickness of 0.2 mm and a specific impulse of about 680 Pa·s has been successfully realized.
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Key words:
- ultra-thin sheet explosive /
- PETN /
- mild detonating fuse /
- detonation performance /
- specific impulse
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图 2 薄片炸药起爆性能第1次实验
Figure 2. First experiment of the initiation performance of sheet explosive
图 3 薄片炸药起爆性能第2次实验
Figure 3. Second experiment of the initiation performance of sheet explosive
图 4 薄片炸药起爆性能第3次实验
Figure 4. Third experiment of the initiation performance of sheet explosive
图 5 薄片炸药传爆性能第1次实验
Figure 5. First experiment of the detonation propagation performance of sheet explosive
图 6 薄片炸药传爆性能第2次实验
Figure 6. Second experiment of the detonation propagation performance of sheet explosive
图 10 薄片炸药比冲量随厚度的变化关系
Figure 10. Relationship between the specific impulse and thickness of the sheet explosive
表 1 超薄片炸药密度测量数据
Table 1. Measurement data of sheet explosive density
PETN质量
分数/%炸药厚度/
mm超薄片炸药密度/(g·cm−3) 测量值1 测量值2 测量值3 平均值 90 0.20 1.67 1.65 1.66 1.66 0.30 1.65 1.64 1.64 1.64 0.40 1.63 1.64 1.63 1.63 92 0.20 1.68 1.69 1.67 1.68 0.30 1.66 1.66 1.65 1.66 0.40 1.64 1.64 1.63 1.64 
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表 2 超薄片炸药爆速测量数据
Table 2. Measurement data of detonation velocity of sheet explosive
PETN质量
分数/%炸药厚度/
mm爆速/(km·s−1) 测量值1 测量值2 测量值3 平均值 90 0.20 7.63 7.61 7.65 7.63 0.30 7.55 7.53 7.54 7.54 0.40 7.41 7.43 7.47 7.44 92 0.20 7.69 7.68 7.75 7.71 0.30 7.65 7.63 7.68 7.65 0.40 7.53 7.52 7.54 7.53
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表 3 薄片炸药比冲量直接测量数据
Table 3. Measurement data of the direct specific impulse of sheet explosive
实验 炸药厚度/mm 炸药直径/mm 比冲量/(Pa·s) 比冲量平均值/(Pa·s) 1 0.20 8 923.4 917.4 2 0.20 8 911.3 3 0.20 10 762.0 762.0 4 0.20 10 762.0 5 0.20 15 642.2 639.6 6 0.20 15 637.0 7 0.30 8 1 279.9 1 285.9 8 0.30 8 1 291.8 9 0.30 10 1 138.6 1 134.3 10 0.30 10 1 129.9 11 0.30 15 1 024.6 1 008.7 12 0.30 15 992.8 13 0.36 10 1 434.2 1 434.2 14 0.36 15 1 280.3 1 280.3 15 0.40 8 1 639.3 1 652.3 16 0.40 8 1 665.2 17 0.40 10 1 527.9 1 527.9 18 0.40 10 1 527.9 19 0.40 15 1 425.5 1 419.3 20 0.40 15 1 413.1 21 0.50 8 2 027.7 2 027.7 22 0.50 8 2 027.7 23 0.50 10 1 937.5 1 910.5 24 0.50 10 1 883.4 25 0.50 15 1 788.9 1 792.0 26 0.50 15 1 795.0
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表 4 比冲量测试数据与数值模拟结果对比
Table 4. Comparison between the test data and numerical simulation results of specific impulse
炸药厚度/
mm比冲量测试
结果/(Pa·s)比冲量数值模拟
结果/(Pa·s)相对偏差/
%0.20 685.1 700.2 2.2 0.30 1 019.4 1 059.6 3.8 0.50 1 684.5 1 770.4 4.9
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