摘要:
撞击溅射是撞击过程的重要组成部分,在深空探测领域中的小行星附着固锚、撞击采样、动能撞击偏转、星球表面溅射沉积物分布等工程应用与科学分析中发挥着重要作用。小行星表面多覆盖有砾石堆状风化层,实验室通常利用颗粒状靶体进行模拟并开展实验研究。本文综述了颗粒靶体撞击溅射行为的研究进展,介绍了颗粒靶体撞击溅射形成过程及溅射幕的描述方法;剖析了基于量纲分析的撞击溅射相似律及其适用范围与局限性;总结了靶体材料参数、撞击参数、靶体表面形貌及撞击体形状与结构等因素对撞击溅射行为的影响。最后提出了颗粒靶体撞击溅射行为研究存在的问题及待开展的研究。
Abstract:
Impact ejecting, deemed a crucial constituent of the impact process, is recognized for its pivotal role in both engineering applications and scientific analyses within the domain of deep space exploration. Its importance is underscored across diverse activities, encompassing anchoring on small asteroid surfaces, impact sampling, kinetic impact deflection, and the evaluation of ejecta deposition on planetary surfaces. With small asteroids commonly featuring surfaces covered with regolith, granular targets are employed in laboratory settings to simulate and conduct research. This paper presents a comprehensive review of the research progress concerning the behavior of impact ejecting on granular targets. The formation process of impact ejecting and methods for describing ejecta curtains are expounded upon, while an analysis of the dimensional similarity laws governing impact ejecta, along with their applicability and limitations, is conducted. Additionally, the influence of factors such as target material parameters, impact conditions, target surface morphology, and impactor shape and structure on impact ejecta behavior is summarized. Finally, existing research challenges are objectively identified, and potential direction for further scientific inquiry into the behavior of impact ejecta on granular targets are proposed.