磨料水射流破岩射孔孔道形成机制

徐鹏; 盛茂; 田克钧; 田守嶒; 黄中伟; 李根生

doi:10.11883/bzycj-2024-0156

磨料水射流破岩射孔孔道形成机制

doi: 10.11883/bzycj-2024-0156

中国石油大学（北京）油气资源与工程全国重点实验室，北京 102249

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金（52122401）

详细信息

作者简介:
徐　鹏（1997－　），男，博士研究生，13126690311@163.com

通讯作者:
盛　茂（1985－　），男，博士，教授，shengmao@cup.edu.cn

中图分类号: TE248
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- 文章访问数: 86
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2024-05-25
- 修回日期: 2025-03-12
- 网络出版日期: 2025-03-17

On formation mechanism of perforation channel during rock breaking by abrasive water jet

State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources and Engineering, China University of Petroleum (Beijing), Beijing 102249, China

摘要

摘要: 磨料水射流射孔是一种有效的油气井射孔增产手段，然而，孔道形成机制及其参数调控规律仍是亟待解决的问题之一。鉴于此，设计并开展了磨料水射流射孔实验。结果表明，孔道形成过程是3种物理作用耦合的结果，即：入流垂直冲蚀孔尖岩石加深孔道；返流以小角度冲蚀孔壁岩石达到扩径作用；沿程流体机械能耗散使得射孔后期孔道演化变缓。由于入流破岩能力远强于返流破岩能力，磨料水射流射孔孔道的孔深和孔径的比随喷射时间的延长而增大，喷射5~300 s，孔深与孔径的比由7增大到28。返流的破岩能力由孔尖到孔口递减，返流对孔壁岩石的累积作用时间由孔尖到孔口递增，二者的共同影响使孔道由圆锥状向纺锤状演化。随着喷射时间的延长，孔深增大，沿程流体机械能耗散加剧，孔深变化率降低至11.3%，孔径变化率降低至4.3%，孔形演化变缓。
- 磨料水射流 /
- 破岩 /
- 射孔 /
- 流固耦合 /
- 实验研究
Abstract: Abrasive water jet (AWJ) perforation is an effective mean for stimulation in oil and gas wells. However, the mechanism of perforation formation and the regulation of its parameter remain poorly understood. This study investigates the variation in hole shape during AWJ perforation through a series of experimental designs and analyses. By analyzing the variation in perforation shape with injection time, the rock-breaking damage caused by AWJ and the flow characteristics in the perforation were quantitatively characterized. The results show that the process of perforation formation is governed by the coupling of three physical effects. The inflow increases the hole depth by vertically impacting the hole tip, while the backflow enlarges the hole diameter by eroding the hole wall. As the fluid mechanical energy dissipates along the path, the evolution of the perforation slows down during the later perforation period. Because the rock breaking ability of inflow is stronger than that of backflow, the ratio of hole depth to hole diameter of AWJ perforation increases with the increase of injection time. Specifically, when the injection time ranges from 5 s to 300 s, the ratio increases from 7 to 28. The rock breaking ability of the backflow decreases from the tip to the orifice, whereas the duration of the backflow's action on the hole wall increases in the same direction. Under the combined influence of rock breaking ability and rock breaking time, the hole evolves from a conical shape to a spindle shape, and the degree of spindle increases. With the increase of injection time and hole depth, the fluid mechanical energy loss becomes more severe. The change rate of hole depth decreased to 11.3% and the change rate of hole diameter decreased to 4.3%. The evolution of the AWJ perforation became slow.
- abrasive water jet /
- rock breaking /
- perforation /
- fluid-structure interaction /
- experiment research

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图 1 磨料水射流射孔实验系统

Figure 1. Experimental system of abrasive water jet perforation

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图 2 磨料水射流水力学参数标定

Figure 2. Calibration of hydraulic parameters of abrasive water jet

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图 3 磨料水射流射孔实验流程

Figure 3. Experimental process of abrasive water jet perforation

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图 4 孔形参数计算模型

Figure 4. A calculation model of hole shape parameters

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图 5 磨料水射流射孔孔道形状随喷射时间的变化

Figure 5. Change of perforation shape of abrasive water jet with injection time

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图 6 不同喷射时间孔道轴截面

Figure 6. Axial cross sections of the holes at different injection times

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图 7 不同喷射时间孔深和对应孔道半径

Figure 7. Relationship between hole depth and hole radius at different injection times

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图 8 孔道尺寸随喷射时间的变化

Figure 8. Variations of hole sizes with injection time

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图 9 孔深和孔径随喷射时间的变化

Figure 9. Variations of hole depth and hole radius with injection time

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图 10 不同深度的孔径随喷射时间的变化

Figure 10. Variation of hole radius at different depths with injection time

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图 11 磨料水射流射孔过程岩石破碎规律

Figure 11. Rock breaking regularity during abrasive water jet perforation

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图 12 磨料水射流射孔原理图

Figure 12. Schematic diagram of abrasive water jet perforation

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图 13 磨料水射流射孔过程破岩体积贡献

Figure 13. Contribution of rock breaking volume during abrasive water jet perforation

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表 1 不同喷射时间孔深-孔径拟合函数参数

Table 1. Fitting function parameters for relationship between hole depth and hole radius at different injection times

喷射时间/s	a₁/mm⁻¹	b₁	c₁/mm	R²	喷射时间/s	a₁/mm⁻¹	b₁	c₁/mm	R²
5	−0.0024	−0.09	2.60	1.00	120	−0.0008	0.02	3.40	0.98
10	−0.0012	−0.08	2.76	0.94	180	−0.0007	0.03	3.80	0.96
20	−0.0012	−0.04	2.91	0.94	240	−0.0006	0.03	3.90	0.98
40	−0.0012	−0.01	3.12	0.99	300	−0.0005	0.04	3.87	0.97
60	−0.0011	0.01	3.18	0.98

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表 2 不同深度的孔径-喷射时间拟合函数参数

Table 2. Fitting function parameters of the hole radius with injection time at different depths

深度/mm	a₂/(mm·s⁻¹)	b₂/s	c₂	R²	深度/mm	a₂/(mm·s⁻¹)	b₂/s	c₂	R²
0	1.82	0.00	0.13	0.98	50	0.23	42.69	0.54	0.98
5	1.50	0.31	0.18	0.99	55	0.17	52.33	0.59	0.98
10	1.12	1.37	0.24	0.99	60	0.25	63.01	0.52	0.99
15	0.60	3.26	0.36	0.96	65	0.20	74.76	0.55	0.99
20	0.42	6.03	0.43	0.94	70	0.16	87.58	0.59	0.99
25	0.47	9.71	0.41	0.97	75	0.12	101.49	0.65	0.99
30	0.32	14.34	0.49	0.96	80	0.09	116.49	0.69	0.99
35	0.37	19.93	0.45	0.98	85	0.16	132.59	0.57	0.99
40	0.27	26.50	0.51	0.97	90	0.12	149.81	0.62	0.99
45	0.20	34.09	0.57	0.97	95	0.10	168.14	0.64	0.98

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