两种材料结构弹体高速侵彻钢筋混凝土靶实验研究

王可慧; 孟龙; 李明; 邹慧辉; 吴海军; 戴湘晖; 段建; 周刚

doi:10.11883/bzycj-2024-0213

两种材料结构弹体高速侵彻钢筋混凝土靶实验研究

doi: 10.11883/bzycj-2024-0213

西北核技术研究所，陕西西安 710024

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金（11772269，11402213）

详细信息

作者简介:
王可慧（1975－　），女，博士，研究员，wangkehui@nint.ac.cn

通讯作者:
周　刚（1964－　），男，博士，研究员，springaround@163.com

中图分类号: O385; TJ012.4
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- 文章访问数: 278
- HTML全文浏览量: 41
- PDF下载量: 70
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2024-07-01
- 修回日期: 2025-02-07
- 网络出版日期: 2025-02-17

Experimental study on high-speed penetration of reinforced concrete targets by structural projectiles made of two types of materials

Northwest Institute of Nuclear Technology, Xi’an 710024, Shaanxi, China

摘要

摘要: 设计了2种不同材料的结构弹，利用203 mm平衡炮为发射平台，开展了11 kg级弹体在1400 m/s速度段侵彻钢筋混凝土靶的实验研究。基于试验结果，对侵彻弹体进行了宏微观结构表征，探究了不同材料弹体在高速侵彻下的侵蚀机理，分析了壳体材料对弹体侵彻效应的影响。结果表明：在实验速度段，弹体材料主导弹体的侵蚀变形，材料强度越高，抗冲击压缩性能越强，弹体头部的侵蚀越小；材料的抗剪和耐磨性越好，弹身的磨蚀越少。高速侵彻条件下，锥形结构弹体的质量损失主要集中在弹身部分。弹体头部的侵蚀和墩粗在一定程度上会降低弹体的侵彻深度，弹体头部侵蚀程度越小，侵彻深度越高，其中，DT1900实验弹的极限侵彻深度可达9倍弹长。
- 结构弹体 /
- 高速侵彻 /
- 钢筋混凝土 /
- 侵蚀 /
- 侵彻深度
Abstract: Two kinds of structural projectiles made of two different materials were designed in this paper. An experimental study of 11kg projectiles penetrating the reinforced concrete target at 1400m/s was carried out using a 203mm Davis gun. Based on the experimental results, the structural response, penetration capability and related engineering issues of the projectile are discussed. The results show that when the reinforced concrete target is penetrated at a velocity of 1400 m/s, the heads of projectiles made of two different materials experienced erosion and were mushroomed. This was caused by high temperatures resulting from friction between the projectile and the concrete during penetration, which significantly softened the surface of the projectile. Furthermore, the contact pressure between the projectile and the target exceeded the yield strength of the projectile material near the surface, causing the material to enter a state of plastic flow and ultimately leading to the erosion and mushrooming of the projectile head. Additionally, the surface material of the projectile was stripped due to the cutting action of the hard aggregates in the concrete, resulting in severe abrasion of the projectile body. When comparing the structural responses of projectiles made of different materials, it was evident that material properties influenced their behavior. Compared to 30CrMnSiNi2MoVE, DT1900, known for its higher strength, hardness and better resistance to impact compression, showed less erosion at the projectile head. However, the inferior shear resistance and wear resistance of DT1900 led to severe abrasion on the projectile body. The mass loss pattern of a conical projectile is different from that of a solid long-rod projectile, with the latter concentrated mainly in the projectile body. The conical flared tail design, while suppressing ballistic deflection, increased the contact area between the projectile body and the target, enhancing the abrasive and cutting actions of aggregates and steel. Moreover, under high-speed penetration conditions, the erosion and mushrooming of the projectile head could reduce the penetration depth; the less erosion at the head, the greater the penetration depth. In experiments, the maximum penetration depth of DT1900 projectiles could reach up to nine times the length of the projectile.
- structural projectile /
- high-speed penetration /
- reinforced concrete /
- eroding /
- penetration depth

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图 1 实验弹

Figure 1. Experimental projectile

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图 2 圆柱形钢筋混凝土靶

Figure 2. Cylindrical reinforced concrete target

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图 3 实验现场布置示意图

Figure 3. Layout of projectile penetration experiment

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图 4 203 mm口径平衡炮

Figure 4. 203 mm Davis gun

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图 5 发射弹体

Figure 5. Launching projectile

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图 6 靶板破坏情况（v₀=1433 m/s）

Figure 6. Damage of target（v₀=1433 m/s）

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图 7 回收弹体

Figure 7. Recovered projectiles

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图 8 侵蚀区的蘑菇头墩粗

Figure 8. Mushroom capitate erosion deformation

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图 9 扫描电镜的选点

Figure 9. Point position of SEM

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图 10 弹体1和2的表面微观形貌

Figure 10. The SEM of projectile 1 and projectile 2

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图 11 不同测点处弹体1和2的EDS谱图

Figure 11. The EDS of projectile 1 and projectile 2 at different point

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图 12 弹体1和2的截面显微组织形貌

Figure 12. The section profile SEM of projectile 1 and projectile 2

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图 13 质量损失率的对比

Figure 13. Comparison of mass loss rate

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图 14 实验结果与经验公式对比

Figure 14. Comparison of experimental value and empirical formula

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表 1 热处理后弹体材料的力学性能

Table 1. Mechanical properties of projectile material after heat treatment

材料	序号	${\sigma _{0.2}}$/MPa	${\sigma _b}$/MPa	δ/%	Ψ/%	K_IC/（MPa·m^1/2）	HRC
30CrMnSiNi2MoVE	1	1326	1656	12.8	45	110	48.6
	2	1356	1680	10.9	45	107	48.5
	3	1390	1713	10.5	43	101	48.8
DT1900	1	1770	1960	14.0	64.5	118	52.5
	2	1790	1970	14.0	69.0	110	51.6
	3	1770	2000	14.0	65.5	103	52.2

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表 2 实验结果

Table 2. Test results

弹体编号	弹体质量/kg	靶板强度/MPa	撞靶速度/(m·s⁻¹)	侵彻深度/m	剩余弹体尺寸/mm		剩余弹体质量/kg
弹体编号	弹体质量/kg	靶板强度/MPa	撞靶速度/(m·s⁻¹)	侵彻深度/m	长度	直径	剩余弹体质量/kg
1	11.27	32.5	1418	3.6	415.85	87.03	10.18
2	11.30	30.7	1433	3.8	432.16	86.04	10.11
3	11.40	30.7	1407	4.2	433.07	86.04	10.29

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表 3 靶体材料参数

Table 3. Material parameter of target

靶体材料	E/GPa	φ/(˚)	Y/MPa	A
沙	0.75	3	7	3.68
混凝土	30	5	30	5.74

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表 4 实验弹的几何尺寸变化及质量损失

Table 4. The variation of the projectile size and mass

弹体材料	v₀/(m·s⁻¹)	(ΔL/L)/%	(ΔD/D)/%	(Δm_t/m)/%	(Δm_b/m)/%	(Δm/m)/%
30CrMnSiNi2MoVE	1418	8.2	3.3	2.13	7.56	9.69
DT1900	1407	4.4	4.4	0.31	9.43	9.74
DT1900	1433	4.6	4.4	0.32	10.20	10.52

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表 5 实验弹的无量纲侵彻深度

Table 5. Dimensionless penetration depth of experimental projectile

弹体材料	撞靶速度/(m·s⁻¹）	靶板强度/MPa	靶板厚度	H/L
30CrMnSiNi2MoVE	1418	32.5	有限靶	7.95
DT1900	1407	30.7		9.27
DT1900	1433	30.7		8.39

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