基于战斗部侵彻动爆一体化效应的遮弹层设计

吴昊; 岑国华; 程月华; 张瑜

doi:10.11883/bzycj-2024-0244

基于战斗部侵彻动爆一体化效应的遮弹层设计

doi: 10.11883/bzycj-2024-0244

同济大学土木工程学院，上海 200092

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金（52308522）；工程材料与结构冲击振动四川省重点实验室开放基金（23kfgk01）

详细信息

作者简介:
吴　昊（1981－　），男，博士，教授，wuhaocivil@tongji.edu.cn

通讯作者:
程月华（1994－　），女，博士，yhcheng@tongji.edu.cn

中图分类号: O385
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- 文章访问数: 155
- HTML全文浏览量: 13
- PDF下载量: 72
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2024-07-08
- 修回日期: 2024-10-28
- 网络出版日期: 2024-11-14

Design of shield based on integrated effect of penetration and moving charge explosion of warheads

College of Civil Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China

摘要

摘要: 准确评估钻地武器战斗部侵彻和装药运动爆炸（侵彻动爆）的连续作用是对防护结构遮弹层进行可靠设计的前提。首先，基于装药体积填充和侵彻爆炸分步耦合技术，提出了三阶段弹体侵彻动爆一体化有限元分析方法。通过与已有的装药运动爆炸试验以及普通混凝土和超高性能混凝土靶体的侵彻静爆试验结果进行对比，充分验证了提出方法对侵彻爆炸过程中爆炸波传播、靶体内应力峰值和开裂行为及其损伤演化描述的准确性。然后，基于105 mm口径缩比弹体打击NSC靶体工况，对比了提出方法和传统侵彻静爆法预测靶体损伤破坏的差异，分析了侵彻爆炸应力场的叠加效应以及弹壳约束和断裂破片的影响，并基于弹载装药在不同时刻起爆下靶体的破坏特征，确定了战斗部最不利起爆时刻。最后，针对SDB、WDU-43/B和BLU-109/B 3种原型战斗部打击工况开展数值仿真，其侵彻动爆作用下NSC和UHPC遮弹层破坏深度分别为1.33、2.70、2.35 m和0.79、1.76、1.70 m，进一步给出了相应的遮弹层临界震塌和临界贯穿厚度。结果表明，采用侵彻动爆一体化方法计算得到的破坏深度、临界震塌厚度和临界贯穿厚度较传统侵彻静爆法计算结果增大约5%~30%。
- 侵彻动爆 /
- 混凝土遮弹层 /
- 临界震塌厚度 /
- 临界贯穿厚度 /
- 防护设计
Abstract: Accurately evaluating the continuous effect of penetration and moving charge explosion of Earth Penetrating Weapons is the premise of reliable design of shield on the protective structure. Firstly, a three-stage integrated projectile penetration and moving charge explosion finite element analysis method was proposed based on the technologies of volume filling of explosive and the two-step coupling in penetration and explosion processes. By conducting the numerical simulations of the existing tests of moving charge explosion, penetration and static charge explosion of normal strength concrete (NSC) and ultra-high performance concrete (UHPC) targets, the accuracy of the proposed method in describing the propagation of explosive waves, peak stress, cracking behavior and damage evolution of target under the penetration and explosion was fully verified. Besides, for the scenario of an NSC target against a 105 mm-caliber scaled projectile, the differences of target damage predicted by the proposed finite element analysis method and traditional penetration and static charge explosion method were compared. Meanwhile, the superimposed effect of the penetration and explosion stress field and the influence of shell constraint and fracture fragment were analyzed. Based on the damage characteristics of targets at different detonation time instants of explosive, the most unfavorable detonation time instant of the warhead was determined. Finally, numerical simulations were conducted for the scenarios of three prototype warheads: SDB, WDU-43/B and BLU-109/B. The destructive depths of NSC and UHPC shields subjected to the penetration and moving charge explosion loadings are 1.33, 2.70, 2.35 m and 0.79, 1.76, 1.70 m, respectively. The corresponding scabbing and perforation limits of shields were further given. The results show that the destructive depths, scabbing limits and perforation limits calculated by the finite element analysis method with considering integrated penetration and moving charge explosion are about 5%–30% higher than those calculated by the traditional penetration and static charge explosion method.
- penetration and moving charge explosion /
- concrete shield /
- scabbing limit /
- perforation limit /
- protective design

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图 1 三阶段弹体侵彻动爆一体化有限元分析方法

Figure 1. Three-stage finite element analysis method of integrated projectile penetration and moving charge explosion

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图 2 装药运动爆炸试验布置^[16]与数值模拟

Figure 2. Moving charge explosion test setup^[16] and numerical simulations

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图 3 空中入射冲击波峰值的试验^[16]与数值模拟结果对比

Figure 3. Comparisons of test^[16] and simulated peak incident shock wave

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图 4 NSC靶体侵彻静爆试验^[3]及有限元模型

Figure 4. Penetration and static charge explosion test^[3] and finite element models of NSC target

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图 5 NSC靶体侵彻静爆试验^[3]与数值模拟损伤对比

Figure 5. Comparisons of test^[3] and simulated damage of NSC target under penetration and static charge explosion

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图 6 测点位置、试验照片^[4]和有限元模型

Figure 6. Positions of measuring points, test photo^[4] and finite element model

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图 7 侵彻和爆炸阶段UHPC靶体纵剖面与迎弹面的损伤云图

Figure 7. Damage nephograms of UHPC target longitudinal profile and impact surface during penetration and static charge explosion stage

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图 8 UHPC靶体侵彻静爆试验^[4]和数值模拟结果的对比

Figure 8. Comparisons of test^[4] and simulated results of UHPC target under penetration and static charge explosion

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图 9 3种工况下靶体最终损伤云图

Figure 9. Final damage contours of targets for three scenarios

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图 10 测点位置示意图及应力时程

Figure 10. Schematic diagram of measuring points and stress-time histories

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图 11 弹壳断裂及典型破片速度时程

Figure 11. Fracture of projectile casing and typical velocity-time history of fragment

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图 12 不同起爆时刻及靶体应力时程

Figure 12. Detonation time instants and stress-time histories of targets

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图 13 不同起爆时刻工况中靶体的最终损伤云图

Figure 13. Final damage contours of targets corresponding to different detonation time instants

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图 14 3种原型战斗部几何尺寸（单位：mm）

Figure 14. Geometric dimensions of three prototypical warheads (unit: mm)

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图 15 侵彻动爆过程UHPC靶体损伤云图

Figure 15. Damage contours of UHPC target under penetration and moving charge explosion

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图 16 3种原型战斗部打击NSC遮弹层最终损伤云图

Figure 16. Final damage contours of NSC shields against three prototypical warheads

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图 17 3种原型战斗部打击UHPC遮弹层最终损伤云图

Figure 17. Final damage contours of UHPC shields against three prototypical warheads

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图 18 弹体侵彻爆炸作用下遮弹层典型破坏模式

Figure 18. Typical failure patterns of shield under combined effect of penetration and explosion

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表 1 炸药材料模型和状态方程参数

Table 1. Parameters for material model and equation of state of explosives

炸药类型	密度/(kg·m^–3)	爆速/(m·s^–1)	爆压/GPa	A_JWL/GPa	B_JWL/GPa	R₁	R₂	ω
Pentolite^[18]	1 700	7 530	26	541	9.37	4.50	1.1	0.35
TNT^[18]	1 630	6 930	21	374	3.75	4.15	0.9	0.35
HMX^[19]	1 891	9 110	42	778	7.07	4.20	1.0	0.30
PBXN-109^[20]	1 660	7 600	22	1 341	32.70	6.00	2.0	0.20

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表 2 NSC的RHT模型和状态方程参数^[21]

Table 2. Parameters for RHT material model and equation of state of NSC^[21]

σ_c/MPa	G/GPa	σ_t^*	σ_s^*	$ g_{\text{c}}^{\text{*}} $	$ g_{\text{t}}^{\text{*}} $	$\xi $	A
32	16.546	0.1	0.18	0.53	0.7	0.5	1.6

n	Q₀	B	A_f	n_f	D₁	D₂	$ \varepsilon _{\text{p}}^{\text{m}} $
0.61	0.680 5	0.010 5	1.6	0.61	0.04	1.0	0.01

ρ₀/(kg·m⁻³)	α₀	p_E/MPa	p_C/MPa	N	A₁/GPa	A₂/GPa	A₃/GPa
2 300	1.191 2	21.3	6 000	3	35.27	39.58	9.04

B₀	B₁	T₁/GPa	T₂/GPa	$ \dot \varepsilon _{\text{0}}^{\text{c}} $/s⁻¹	$ \dot \varepsilon _{\text{0}}^{\text{t}} $/s⁻¹	β_c	β_t
1.22	1.22	35.27	0	3×10⁻⁵	3×10⁻⁶	0.034	0.038

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表 3 NSC靶体试验^[3]与数值模拟破坏深度和开坑直径对比

Table 3. Comparisons of test^[3] and simulated destructive depths and cracking diameters of NSC target

试验	破坏深度			开坑直径
试验	试验/mm	模拟/mm	相对误差/%	试验/mm	模拟/mm	相对误差/%
侵彻阶段	515	501	−2.72	1 176	1 020	−13.27
静爆阶段	680	650	−4.41	1 671	1 444	−13.58

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表 4 UHPC的RHT模型和状态方程参数^[21]

Table 4. Parameters for RHT material model and equation of state of UHPC^[21]

σ_c/MPa	G/GPa	σ_t^*	σ_s^*	$ g_{\text{c}}^{\text{*}} $	$ g_{\text{t}}^{\text{*}} $	$\xi $	A
123.5	20.9	0.070 7	0.267	0.53	0.7	0.67	1.6

n	Q₀	B	A_f	n_f	D₁	D₂	$ \varepsilon _{\text{p}}^{\text{m}} $
0.61	0.681	0.010 5	1.75	0.52	0.04	1.0	0.08

ρ₀/(kg·m⁻³)	α₀	p_E/MPa	p_C/MPa	N	A₁/GPa	A₂/GPa	A₃/GPa
2 500	1.191 2	46.6	6 000	4	44	29.58	11.28

B₀	B₁	T₁/GPa	T₂/GPa	$ \dot \varepsilon _{\text{0}}^{\text{c}} $/s⁻¹	$ \dot \varepsilon _{\text{0}}^{\text{t}} $/s⁻¹	β_c	β_t
1.22	1.22	44	0	3×10⁻⁵	3×10⁻⁶	0.012 5	0.014 3

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表 5 30CrMnSiNi2MoVE钢的Johnson-Cook模型参数^[22]

Table 5. Johnson-Cook model parameters of 30CrMnSiNi2MoVE steel^[22]

ρ/(kg·m⁻³)	G/GPa	A₀/MPa	B₀/MPa	N₀	C	M	T_m/K	T_r/K	c_V/(J·kg⁻¹·K⁻¹)	$ {\dot \varepsilon _0} $/s⁻¹
7 800	81	1 300	2 483	0.474	0.009	1.07	1 793	289	477	1×10⁻⁴

ε₀	D₀	D₃	D₄	D₅	C₀/(m·s⁻¹)	S₁	S₂	S₃	γ₀	α
0.692	1.581	−3.053	−0.042	2.98	4 569	1.49	0	0	2.17	0.46

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表 6 3种原型战斗部参数

Table 6. Parameters of three prototypical warheads

战斗部	直径/mm	总质量/kg	长度/mm	弹壳壁厚/mm	头部曲径比	装药类型	装药质量/kg	等效TNT质量/kg
SDB	152	113	1 800	10.8	3	HMX	15.3	23
WDU-43/B	234	454	2 400	41.5	9	HMX	66.7	100
BLU-109/B	368	874	2 510	25.4	3	PBXN-109	238	324

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表 7 3种原型战斗部打击NSC和UHPC遮弹层计算结果

Table 7. Calculation results of NSC and UHPC shields against three prototypical warheads

战斗部	遮弹层类型	侵彻爆炸破坏深度/m		相对差值/%	临界震塌厚度/m			临界贯穿厚度/m
战斗部	遮弹层类型	侵彻静爆法^{[3, 26]}	侵彻动爆法	相对差值/%	系数^{[3, 26]}	侵彻静爆法^{[3, 26]}	侵彻动爆法	系数^{[3, 26]}	侵彻静爆法^{[3, 26]}	侵彻动爆法
SDB	NSC	1.03	1.33	29.13	3.50	3.60	4.66	1.36	1.40	1.81
SDB	UHPC	0.74	0.79	6.76	2.30	1.70	1.82	1.76	1.30	1.39
WDU-43/B	NSC	2.45	2.70	10.20	2.57	6.30	6.94	1.39	3.40	3.75
WDU-43/B	UHPC	1.61	1.76	9.50	2.36	3.80	4.16	1.58	2.55	2.79
BLU-109/B	NSC	2.18	2.35	7.71	3.81	8.30	8.95	1.74	3.80	4.09
BLU-109/B	UHPC	1.62	1.70	5.06	3.09	5.00	5.26	1.60	2.60	2.72

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