摘要:
在钻地弹深层侵彻打击地下工事过程中,具有初始攻角的非理想侵彻姿态不可避免,将引入较大的横向过载峰值,可能损坏弹载部组件功能,降低弹体侵彻效率。因此,有必要研究降低弹体横向过载峰值的方法,但目前缺乏降载手段且关注较少。为克服该难题,本文通过数值模拟方法研究了一种锯齿弹身的新型钻地弹及在非零攻角姿态侵彻混凝土靶体时其特有的横向降载效应和机理。分析考虑了初始攻角、质心系数等的影响,并采用常规光滑弹作为对比对象,分析了弹体运动规律、弹靶接触力、接触力矩、接触面积等。结果表明,在1°、2°和3°的小初始攻角范围内,锯齿弹可较光滑弹降低横向过载峰值约30.6%、5.2%、11.3%,但相应的接触力矩的峰值和脉宽、偏转角度等均有所增大。研究揭示了锯齿弹的横向降载机理:锯齿弹身降低了弹靶接触面积,横向接触力主要集中在弹身锯齿区靠近头部的前两个锯齿环槽的右锯齿上,锯齿弹身与靶的横向接触力降低,而非锯齿区(主要是弹体头部)与靶的横向接触力增大,二者竞争,控制锯齿弹整体的横向降载效果。当通过结构设计等手段抑制锯齿弹的弹道偏转后,可有效提升锯齿弹的横向降载效率。
Abstract:
In the process of deep penetration of the earth penetration weapon (EPW) attacking the underground target, the non-ideal penetration attitude with initial attack angle is inevitable, which will introduce transverse overload with large peak value for the earth penetrator. However, the excessive overload peak value could damage some important components of the earth-penetrating projectile and reduce the penetration efficiency of the projectile. Therefore, it is necessary to study the methodology of reducing the transverse overload peak value of the earth-penetrating projectile. However, the previous research on the earth-penetrating projectile seldom takes into account the influence of transverse overload and it is difficult to effectively reduce the transverse overload. In order to overcome this problem, a new type of the earth-penetrating projectile with serrated configuration and the special shedding effect and mechanism of transverse overload were studied by numerical simulation method when penetrating the concrete target at the non-zero attack angle. The influences of the initial attack angle and the coefficient of the center of mass of projectile were studied, and the motion, contact force, contact moment and contact area of the projectile were analyzed by using conventional smooth projectile as comparison. The results show that for small initial attack angles of 1°, 2° and 3°, the peak value of transverse overload of the serrated projectile is reduced by about 30.6%, 5.2% and 11.3% compared to the smooth projectile, but the peak value of contact moment, pulse width and deflection angle are increased. The research reveals the mechanical mechanism to reduce transverse overload: the serrated body of the projectile reduces the contact area between the projectile and the target, and the transverse contact force is mainly concentrated on the upper surface of the right serrated parts of the first two serrated grooves near the head of the projectile; the transverse contact force between the serrated body and the target decreases, while the transverse contact force between the non-serrated parts (mainly the head of the projectile) and the target increases. Therefore, these two parts of the projectile are competed and control the reduction effects of the transverse overload of the whole projectile in the process of deep penetration with initial attack angle. When the ballistic deflection of the serrated projectile is suppressed by means of certain optimization of structural design, the transverse overload shedding efficiency of the serrated projectile can be effectively improved.