An intermediate strain rate LSHPB system for soft materials and its application
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摘要: 生物软材料大多是高含水率的超软材料，其力学性能在宽应变率范围内随着应变率提高而非线性增强。然而由于实验条件限制，在中应变率下对超软材料进行大变形测试显得比较困难。设计并建造了长15 m的双子弹电磁驱动长分离式霍普金森压杆（long split Hopkinson pressure bar, LSHPB）系统，可用于超软材料的大变形中应变率测试。使用该LSHPB系统和高速SHPB系统分别对硅橡胶进行了测试，比较二者的实验结果，验证了本套系统的可靠性。应用LSHPB系统测量了聚乙烯醇（polyvinyl alcohols, PVA）水凝胶在中应变率力学性能，并且结合已有的低和高应变率的数据分析，说明了中应变率动态性能测试的必要性。Abstract: Biological soft materials, often with high water content and ultra-softness, display mechanical properties that non-linearly enhance over a broad range of strain rates. However, existing experimental constraints make it challenging to perform large deformation tests on these materials at intermediate strain rates. This study introduces a 15-meter-long long split Hopkinson pressure bar (LSHPB) system, driven by a dual-bullet electromagnetic mechanism, designed for large deformation intermediate strain rate testing of ultra-soft materials. Comparative tests conducted using both the LSHPB and a high-speed SHPB system validated the reliability of the newly developed system. The LSHPB system was then applied to measure the dynamic mechanical performance of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) hydrogel at intermediate strain rates. The results, combined with existing data from low and high strain rate analyses, underscore the necessity for intermediate strain rate dynamic performance testing. This work not only broadens our understanding of the mechanical behavior of ultra-soft materials like PVA hydrogel across various strain rates but also introduces an innovative experimental technique for studying materials under intermediate strain conditions, thereby advancing the field of soft material dynamics.
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图 1 双子弹电磁驱动超长分离式霍普金森压杆示意图
Figure 1. Schematic of the double electromagnetic driving long split-Hopkinson pressure bar device for intermediate strain rate testing
图 6 分别在LSHPB和SHPB中测得的硅橡胶应力-应变关系
Figure 6. The stress-strain relationship of silicone rubber measured in LSHPB and SHPB, respectively.
图 8 典型的350 s−1下PVA水凝胶LSHPB测试中应变片 1、3、4 测得的应变以及点 3 处的左、右行波
Figure 8. The strain measured by strain gauges 1, 3, and 4 in the LSHPB test of PVA hydrogel at 350 s−1, as well as the left and right traveling waves at point 3.
图 9 端面处入射波、反射波和透射波的绝对值
Figure 9. The absolute values of the incident wave, reflected wave, and transmitted wave at the end surface.
图 10 典型的350 s−1下PVA水凝胶LSHPB实验的结果
Figure 10. The results of a typical PVA hydrogel LSHPB test at 350 s−1
图 11 350 s−1下PVA水凝胶的应力应变关系
Figure 11. The stress-strain relationship of PVA hydrogel at 350 s−1.
图 12 PVA 水凝胶的应力（及应变率）与应变的关系
Figure 12. The stress (and strain rate) - strain relationship of PVA hydrogel
图 14 用其他数据预测100, 350 s−1应变率力学行为
Figure 14. Mechanical behavior of 100, 350 s−1 strain rate predicted with other data
图 15 用其他数据预测350,
1500 s−1应变率力学行为Figure 15. Mechanical behavior of 350,
1500 s−1 strain rate predicted with other data表 1 材料参数
Table 1. Material parameters
所用数据应变率/s−1 κυT/kPa k α β G11/kPa G21/kPa θ1/s G12/kPa G22/kPa θ2/μs 0.001～0.1, 1000 ～1500 16.7 6.12 0.079 0.58 17.7 0 77.6 338 228 98.9 0.001～100, 1000 16.7 6.12 0.079 0.58 17.7 0 77.6 510 261 50.4 
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