电极表面不平整性对锂电池短路触发行为的影响

贾亦楷; 刘子敬; 黄庆丹; 王璐冰

doi:10.11883/bzycj-2024-0339

电极表面不平整性对锂电池短路触发行为的影响

doi: 10.11883/bzycj-2024-0339

贾亦楷^{1, 2,},
刘子敬^{1, 2},
黄庆丹^{1, 2},
王璐冰^{3, 4}

1.
西北工业大学民航学院，陕西西安 710072
2.
西北工业大学民航航空器冲击防护与安全评估重点实验室，江苏太仓 215400
3.
宁波大学机械工程与力学学院，浙江宁波 315211
4.
宁波大学冲击与安全工程教育部重点实验室，浙江宁波 315211

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金（12402463）；冲击与安全工程教育重点实验室（宁波大学）开放课题（CJ202402）

详细信息

作者简介:
贾亦楷（1994－　），男，博士，教授，yjia3@nwpu.edu.cn

中图分类号: O383
计量
- 文章访问数: 50
- HTML全文浏览量: 9
- PDF下载量: 9
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2024-09-13
- 修回日期: 2024-11-05
- 网络出版日期: 2024-11-07

Effect of surface roughness of lithium-ion battery electrodes on short-circuit triggering behaviors

JIA Yikai^{1, 2
,},
LIU Zijing^{1, 2},
HUANG Qingdan^{1, 2},
WANG Lubing^{3, 4}

1.
School of Civil Aviation, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, Shaanxi, China
2.
Key Laboratory on the Impact Protection and Safety Assessment of Civil Aviation Vehicle, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Taicang 215400, Jiangsu, China
3.
Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Mechanics, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, Zhejiang, China
4.
Key Laboratory of Impact and Safety Engineering, Ministry of Education, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, Zhejiang, China

摘要

摘要: 锂离子电池遭受外部冲击时内部隔膜的形变和失效是引发内部短路的关键因素之一。电池电极表面通常并不平整，易造成隔膜应力集中，影响电池的机械稳定性。因此，本研究基于数值模拟和理论分析，针对电池隔膜在非平整表面压缩条件下的力学行为及其短路安全边界进行了深入探讨。选取包括一段宽度为50 μm的隔膜及其附近的正负极涂层区域作为代表性单胞进行二维有限元建模与数值计算。通过分析隔膜等效应力-应变曲线发现受到不平整表面压缩的隔膜相比于理想平面压缩表现出“软化现象”，随着加载的进行，加载面和隔膜之间的空隙逐渐被填充，非平整面和平整面压缩的载荷差异逐渐减小。通过对隔膜失效应力的参数化分析，发现随着颗粒直径的增加、隔膜厚度的减小或一定范围内的加载速率增加，隔膜表现出平均应力降低、屈服点后移等行为，短路失效应力也随之减小。进一步的，通过建立隔膜在非平整表面压缩下的等效压缩本构模型，从理论上解释了粗糙度对失效应力的影响，并推导出了二者的定量关系。
- 锂离子电池 /
- 碰撞安全 /
- 电池隔膜 /
- 内短路
Abstract: The deformation and failure of the internal separator in lithium-ion batteries under external impact are key factors in triggering internal short circuits. The surface of the battery electrodes is usually not smooth, which can cause stress concentration in the separator, affecting the mechanical stability of the battery. Therefore, this study, based on numerical simulation and theoretical analysis, deeply explores the mechanical behavior of the battery separator under compression on uneven surfaces and its short-circuit safety boundary. The model is established using the finite element software ABAQUS, selecting a section of a separator with a width of 50 μm and the nearby positive and negative electrode coatings as a representative unit cell for two-dimensional finite element modeling and numerical calculation. The study compares the surface morphology of three forms: (1) ideal plane; (2) densely packed granular surface; (3) single granular protrusion plane, as well as the effects of particle size, separator thickness, and loading rate. By analyzing the stress-strain curve of the separator, it is found that the separator compressed by uneven surfaces exhibits a "softening phenomenon" compared to compression on an ideal plane. For the ideal plane case, the strain distribution is very uniform, so the battery’s load-bearing capacity is larger. However, for densely packed granular and single granular protrusion cases, under the same loading displacement, the loaded area is smaller, and the generated reaction force is also smaller. As the loading progresses, the gaps are gradually filled, the loaded area increases, and gradually tends to be loaded on the entire surface, and the load difference gradually decreases. Through parametric analysis of the failure stress, it is found that as the particle diameter increases, the separator thickness decreases, or within a certain range of loading rates increases, the separator exhibits a softening behavior, that is, the average stress decreases, the yield point shifts backward, and the short-circuit failure stress also decreases. Furthermore, this study also establishes an equivalent compression constitutive model of the separator under compression on uneven surfaces, thereby theoretically explaining the effect of roughness on failure stress and deriving a quantitative relationship between the two.
- lithium-ion battery /
- collision safety /
- battery separator /
- internal short-circuit

HTML全文

图 1 锂电池的碰撞短路失效问题

Figure 1. The collision-induced internal short-circuit in lithium-ion batteries

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图 2 隔膜压缩加载工况建模方法

Figure 2. Modeling methods for separator compression loading conditions

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图 3 边界条件设置

Figure 3. Boundary condition setups

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图 4 不同加载条件下隔膜的等效应力-应变曲线及应变分布

Figure 4. Equivalent stress-strain curves and strain distribution of the separator under different loading conditions

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图 5 不同颗粒尺寸下隔膜的力学行为及短路失效应力

Figure 5. The mechanical behavior and short-circuit failure stress of the separator under different particle sizes

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图 6 不同厚度隔膜的力学行为及短路失效应力

Figure 6. The mechanical behavior and short-circuit failure stress of the separator under different separator thickness

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图 7 不同加载速率下隔膜的力学行为及短路失效应力

Figure 7. The mechanical behavior and short-circuit failure stress of the separator under different loading rates

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图 8 考虑电极表面粗糙度的隔膜压缩本构模型的建立

Figure 8. Establishment of the constitutive model for the separator compression considering the roughness of the electrode surface

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图 9 理论曲线与数值模拟曲线比对

Figure 9. Comparison between theoretical curves and numerical simulation curves.

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