含碰撞缺陷的锂离子电池的电化学 性能衰退及安全性

高游; 郑若昕; 姜宇新; 王璐冰

doi:10.11883/bzycj-2024-0368

含碰撞缺陷的锂离子电池的电化学性能衰退及安全性

doi: 10.11883/bzycj-2024-0368

高游^{1, 2,},
郑若昕^{1, 2},
姜宇新^{1, 2},
王璐冰^{1, 2, ,}

1.
宁波大学冲击与安全工程教育部重点实验室，浙江宁波 315211
2.
宁波大学机械工程与力学学院力学与工程科学系，浙江宁波 315211

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金（12472384）

详细信息

作者简介:
高　游（1997－　），男，硕士，2211090102@nbu.edu.cn

通讯作者:
王璐冰（1993－　），女，博士，副教授，wanglubing@nbu.edu.cn

中图分类号: O347.3
计量
- 文章访问数: 53
- HTML全文浏览量: 9
- PDF下载量: 21
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2024-09-30
- 修回日期: 2025-01-14
- 网络出版日期: 2024-12-25

Electrochemical performance degradation and safety of lithium-ion batteries containing defects induced by collision

GAO You^{1, 2
,},
ZHENG Ruoxin^{1, 2},
JIANG Yuxin^{1, 2},
WANG Lubing^{1, 2
, ,}

1.
Key Laboratory Impact & Safety Engineering, Ministry of Education, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, Zhejiang, China
2.
Department of Mechanics and Engineering Science, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering & Mechanics, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, Zhejiang, China

摘要

摘要: 不可避免的碰撞会导致电动汽车锂离子电池（lithium-ion battery，LIB）出现缺陷，为了确认碰撞后的缺陷电池能否继续使用，重点研究了缺陷电池的机械性能、电化学性能、安全边界及其衰退机理。首先，使用不同的压头通过准静态加载和落锤冲击制备了3种典型的缺陷电池，即压痕、50%偏置压缩和平板压缩缺陷电池。随后，分别通过准静态平板压缩和充电/放电循环评估其机械和电化学响应。结果发现，缺陷电池的机械性能显著下降，包括内部短路位移、短路载荷和能量吸收能力下降。相较于无缺陷电池，缺陷电池还表现出明显的电化学性能退化，包括更严重的容量衰退。此外，通过拆解电池解释了其降解机制，基于隔膜厚度提出电池的机械失效标准。最后，还讨论了加载速度和缺陷类型对缺陷电池性能的影响。加载速度越高，缺陷电池的性能退化越严重，这与惯性效应有关。不同类型的缺陷会导致隔膜厚度和石墨脱粘的变化，从而造成电池性能不同程度的退化。
- 缺陷锂离子电池 /
- 容量衰减 /
- 安全准则 /
- 机械缺陷 /
- 动态冲击
Abstract: Unavoidable electric vehicle collisions can cause defects in lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), and whether defective batteries after minor collisions can continue to be used is still unknown. In this work, we focus on the mechanical performance and electrochemical performance of defective batteries, safety boundaries, and its failure mechanism. Firstly, three typical defective cells , namely indentation, 50% offset compression and plate compression defect cells, are prepared by quasi-static loading and drop hammer impact with different indenters. These defective batteries did not exhibit voltage drops or temperature increases, indicating that no internal short circuits occurred. Subsequently, their mechanical and electrochemical responses were evaluated through quasi-static plate compression at a loading rate of 1 mm/min and 1C charge/discharge cycling, respectively. It was found that defective batteries exhibited significant deterioration in mechanical performance, including earlier onset of internal short circuit, reduced short circuit force, and decreased energy absorption capacity. Defective batteries also exhibited significant electrochemical performance degradation, with greater capacity loss during cycling compared to new batteries. Further, its degradation mechanism is explained through disassembling the cells. The separator of defective batteries exhibited significant thinning, making it more prone to rupture under secondary loading. Therefore, the mechanical failure criterion of the battery was proposed based on the separator thickness. After 500 cycles, graphite delamination was observed in the defective batteries, whereas the defective batteries without cycling only exhibited cracking. Therefore, the degradation of electrochemical performance in defective batteries is caused by the combined effects of initial defects and cyclic aging stress. The effects of loading speed and defect type on the performance of defective cells are also discussed. Defective batteries subjected to higher loading rates exhibit greater performance degradation, which is related to inertia effects. Different types of defects lead to variations in separator thickness and graphite delamination, resulting in different levels of degradation. Results are instructive for the study of safety identification and treatment of defective lithium-ion batteries.
- defective lithium-ion battery /
- capacity degradation /
- safety principle /
- mechanical defects /
- dynamic impact

HTML全文

图 1 无缺陷锂离子电池的放充电电压和电流时间历程曲线

Figure 1. Variation of voltage and current of a non-defective lithium-ion battery with time during discharging and charging

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图 2 采用准静态压缩设备在锂离子电池样品上制造缺陷

Figure 2. Preparation of defects on lithium-ion batteries by using a quasi-static compression machine

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图 3 采用落锤测试设备在电池样品上制造压痕缺陷

Figure 3. Preparation of indentation defect on a lithium-ion battery by using a drop-weight test machine

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图 4 机械性能测试

Figure 4. Mechanical property test

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图 5 电化学性能测试

Figure 5. Electrochemical property test

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图 6 含不同深度压痕缺陷的锂离子电池的准静态平板压缩实验结果

Figure 6. Quasi-static plate compression experimental results of lithium-ion batteries containing different depth indentation defects prefabricated by quasi-static compression

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图 7 含不同深度压痕缺陷的锂离子电池的充放电循环实验结果

Figure 7. Charge-discharge cyclic experimental results of lithium-ion batteries with different depth indentation defects

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图 8 不同加载速度下预制了压痕缺陷的锂离子电池样品在准静态平压下的力-电-热耦合响应

Figure 8. Force-electric-thermal response of lithium-ion battery samples containing indentation defects pre-fabricated at different loading velocities under quasi-static flat compression

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图 9 在不同加载速度下预制了深度为3 mm的压痕缺陷的锂离子电池样品在准静态平压下的关键力学参数

Figure 9. Critical mechanical parameters of lithium-ion battery samples containing 3-mm-depth indentation defect pre-fabricated at different loading velocities under quasi-static flat compression

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图 10 5 mm缺陷深度下，不同缺陷类型电池样品在准静态平压下的力-电压-温度耦合响应

Figure 10. Force-electric-thermal response of lithium-ion battery samples containing different-type 5-mm-depth defects pre-fabricated at the loading velocity of 1 mm/min under quasi-static flat compression

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图 11 短路应变的定义

Figure 11. Definition of short circuit strain

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图 12 电池缺陷部分的隔膜厚度$ {\delta }_{\mathrm{m}} $和短路应变$ {\varepsilon }_{\mathrm{I}\mathrm{S}\mathrm{C}} $随缺陷类型的变化

Figure 12. Separator film thickness and short-circuit strain of the defective parts of the batteries vary with defect type

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图 13 含不同类型缺陷电池的循环实验结果

Figure 13. Cyclic experimental results of batteries containing different-type defects

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