Experimental study on the propagation of shock wave in the channel with flat wall
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摘要: 为研究不同爆炸当量与不同装药位置下通道内冲击波的传播过程，建立了满足单兵人员通行的试验通道。通过试验对比了装药量与装药位置对超压时程曲线及冲击波参数分布的影响，开展了与试验工况相同的数值模拟，结合压力云图和超压时程曲线，发现波阵面运动是导致超压时程曲线演变和参数分布变化的主要原因。基于试验和数值模拟结果得到了具有实际工程参考意义的通道内冲击波超压预测模型。Abstract: To investigate the propagation process of shock waves within a channel under different explosive yields and charge positions, this study established an experimental channel designed for individual soldier transit. Through experiments and simulations, it is found that the quantity and position of the charge affect the time history of overpressure and shock wave parameters. Within the tunnel, the propagation velocity and overpressure peak of the shock wave decreased with increasing of distance, while the duration and impulse of positive overpressure continuously extend and increase. When the charge equivalent increases, all shock wave parameters are enhanced, though the influence on the rate of overpressure peak attenuation is minimal. As the distance between the explosion center and the interior of the tunnel increases, all parameters decline. Both experiments and simulations reveal a unique change in the time history of overpressure and shock wave parameters near the 9 m measurement point inside the tunnel. By analyzing pressure contour maps and overpressure time history, it is discovered that wavefront movement is the primary cause. Based on the fundamental shock wave theory, a higher overpressure peak of shock wave results in faster wavefront motion. Fro m the 3 m to 7 m section inside the entrance, the leading wavefront overpressure continuously attenuates with increasing distance, and its motion speed significantly decreases. However, the overpressure values of subsequent reflected waves attenuate more slowly or even exceed those of the leading wavefront due to continuous collision and superposition. Between the 7 m and 9 m sections inside the entrance, the reflected waves formed by later superposition catch up with and overlap the leading wavefront, resulting in an increase in the first peak value with increasing distance. This process is also clearly understood through the simulated overpressure contour map. Based on the experimental and numerical simulation results, a predictive model for shock wave overpressure within the channel, which has practical engineering reference significance, has been developed.
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Key words:
- explosion shock wave /
- tunnel /
- shock wave propagation /
- attenuation mechanism
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图 1 试验通道截面与爆心位置图
Figure 1. Schematic of explosion center position and cross section of test channel
图 6 各测点处超压峰值衰减率
Figure 6. Attenuation rate of overpressure peak at each measuring point
图 9 不同装药当量爆炸形成的超压时程曲线
Figure 9. Time history curve of overpressure formed by explosions of different charge equivalents
图 10 不同装药距离爆炸形成的超压时程曲线
Figure 10. Time history curve of overpressure formed by explosions at different distances
图 11 试验和模拟得到的部分超压时程曲线对比
Figure 11. Comparison between the time history curve of overpressure of simulation and experimental results
图 12 试验和模拟得到的超压峰值分布对比
Figure 12. Comparison between the overpressure peak of simulation and experimental results
图 15 三角形荷载曲线形成过程中通道对称面上的压力云图
Figure 15. Pressure cloud map on the symmetrical plane of the channel during the formation of the triangular load curve
表 1 混凝土壁面通道中冲击波传播试验与模拟工况
Table 1. Experiment and simulation conditions of shock wave propagation in concrete channel
工况 装药量/kg 爆心高度/m 距入口距离/m Exp 1/Sim 1 0.5 1.2 0 Exp 2/Sim 2 1.0 1.2 1.0 Exp 3/Sim 3 1.0 1.2 0 Exp 4/Sim 4 1.0 1.2 -1.0 注：距离入口距离为正时代表在口外，为0时代表堵口，为负时代表在口内。 
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