RC箱型结构内爆炸载荷特性和动力行为分析

李军润; 卢永刚; 冯晓伟; 吴昊

doi:10.11883/bzycj-2024-0388

RC箱型结构内爆炸载荷特性和动力行为分析

doi: 10.11883/bzycj-2024-0388

1.
中国工程物理研究院总体工程研究所，四川绵阳 621999
2.
同济大学土木工程学院，上海 200092

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金（52078379）

详细信息

作者简介:
李军润（1997－　），男，博士研究生，lijunrun22@gscaep.ac.cn

通讯作者:
卢永刚（1973－　），男，博士，研究员，lygcaep@263.net

中图分类号: O389; TU375
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2024-10-17
- 修回日期: 2025-01-13
- 网络出版日期: 2025-01-14
- 刊出日期: 2026-01-05

Analysis of internal explosion load characteristics and dynamic behavior in RC box structures

1.
Institute of Systems of Engineering, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang 621999, Sichuan, China
2.
College of Civil Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China

摘要

摘要: 爆炸冲击波在钢筋混凝土（reinforced concrete，RC）箱型结构中难以向外自由扩散，经多次反射叠加后可加剧结构的破坏。为全面探究RC箱型结构内爆炸载荷特性及其动力行为特征，通过复现完全密闭和半密闭（带泄爆口）RC箱型结构的内爆炸试验，验证了所采用有限元建模和分析方法的适用性。进一步，针对典型RC箱型结构和美国联邦应急管理署规定的爆炸恐怖袭击类型，开展了3种爆炸威胁和4种泄爆面积下的内爆炸数值模拟分析，考察了结构内壁面中心和内角隅处的载荷及其分布以及结构的动力行为特征。结果表明：泄爆面积对各特征点爆炸波峰值超压的影响较小，而爆炸波冲量随泄爆面积的增大近似呈指数形式降低；结构内壁面的载荷分布受结构尺寸的影响显著，呈内凹或W形；当泄爆系数从0.457增大至1.220时，墙板最大位移可降低50%以上；相较于超压准则，冲量准则可以更准确地评估构件毁伤等级。最后，提出了考虑泄爆面积的冲量增强因子和毁伤增强因子计算方法，能够较好地预测不同泄爆系数下的内爆炸载荷和结构动力行为。
- 内爆炸 /
- RC箱型结构 /
- 载荷特性 /
- 动力行为
Abstract: In a reinforced concrete (RC) box structure, the dissipation of blast waves is restricted, and damage to the structure can be intensified due to multiple reflections. To thoroughly investigate the load characteristics and dynamic behavior of internal explosions in an RC box structure, the applicability of the finite element method was verified by replicating internal explosion tests on fully enclosed and semi-enclosed (with venting openings) RC box structures. Based on this, numerical simulations of internal explosions were conducted for the prototypical RC box structure and the type of terrorist bombing attacks specified by the Federal Emergency Management Agency under three explosion scenarios and four venting areas. The influence of venting area on the load characteristics at the inner surfaces and corners, the load distribution on the inner surfaces, and the time histories of displacement and velocity at the centers of the inner surfaces under internal explosion loads were explored. Additionally, a formula for calculating the total impulse of the structure’s inner surface was proposed, considering both the venting area and the spatial distribution of the impulse. The results show that the venting area has a negligible effect on the overpressure, while the impulse decreases exponentially with increasing venting area. The load distribution characteristics on the structure’s inner surface are significantly influenced by the structural dimensions, exhibiting an indented or W pattern. The maximum displacement at the centers of walls and slabs is reduced by about 50% as the venting coefficient changes from 0.457 to 1.220. Finally, based on the total impulse and maximum displacement response of each component under free-field explosion loads, a calculation method for the impulse and damage enhancement coefficient was proposed based on the venting area, effectively predicting the internal explosion load and the structure’s dynamic behavior at various venting coefficients.
- internal explosion /
- RC box structure /
- load characteristics /
- dynamic behavior

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图 1 完全密闭结构内爆炸试验和有限元模型

Figure 1. Fully confined explosion testing setup and finite element model

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图 2 试验与数值模拟预测的超压时程的对比

Figure 2. Comparisons of test and simulated overpressure-time histories

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图 3 冲击波压力演化云图（工况2）

Figure 3. Instantaneous overpressure contours of blast wave (case 2)

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图 4 带门窗洞口RC箱型结构内爆炸试验

Figure 4. Internal explosion test of RC box structure with openings

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图 5 超压和位移传感器位置

Figure 5. Layout of overpressure and displacement transducers

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图 6 爆炸波超压时程对比和压力云图

Figure 6. Comparisons of experimental and simulated overpressure histories and overpressure contours

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图 7 试验与数值模拟预测的位移时程的对比

Figure 7. Comparisons of experimental and simulated displacement histories

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图 8 结构破坏模式的试验与数值模拟结果的对比

Figure 8. Comparison of experimental and simulated structural failure modes

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图 9 原型RC箱型结构

Figure 9. Prototypical RC box structure

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图 10 各工况侧墙和顶板中心超压和冲量

Figure 10. Overpressure and impulse of wall and slab centers in each scenario

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图 11 角隅测点超压和冲量

Figure 11. Overpressure and impulse of corner measurement points

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图 12 冲击波压力演化云图

Figure 12. Instantaneous overpressure contours of blast wave

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图 13 超压测点布置以及结构内壁面超压和冲量分布

Figure 13. Layout of overpressure transducers and distributions of overpressure and impulse on the structure’s inner surface

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图 14 各工况结构内壁面总冲量

Figure 14. Total explosion impulse on the structure’s inner surface in each scenario

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图 15 自由场爆炸作用下构件的爆炸波总冲量

Figure 15. Total reflected impulse of components under free air explosion

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图 16 各工况中侧墙和顶板的爆炸冲量增强因子

Figure 16. Explosion impulse enhancement coefficient of walls and slabs in each scenario

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图 17 结构侧墙和顶板的动态响应

Figure 17. Dynamic responses of wall and slab centers

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图 18 各工况下结构毁伤增强因子

Figure 18. Structure’s damage enhancement coefficients in each scenario

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图 19 毁伤增强因子随冲量增强因子的变化趋势

Figure 19. Variation trend of damage enhancement coefficient with impulse enhancement coefficient

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表 1 各试验工况有限元模型的网格尺寸

Table 1. Mesh sizes of finite element model for each explosion scenario

工况	TNT当量/g	2D模型		3D模型			来源
工况	TNT当量/g	炸药尺寸/mm	空气网格尺寸/mm	等效炸药网格密度	空气网格尺寸/mm	结构网格尺寸/mm	来源
1	720	76.2×76.2	12.0×12.0	255.8	72×72×72	36×36×36	文献[22-23]
2	315	57.8×57.8	9.1×9.1	255.8	72×72×72	36×36×36	文献[22-23]
3	95.3	38.8×38.8	6.1×6.1	255.8	24×24×24	12×12×12	文献[27]
4	253.0	53.8×53.8	8.5×8.5	255.8	24×24×24	12×12×12
5	400.0	62.9×62.9	10.0×10.0	255.8	24×24×24	12×12×12

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表 2 材料模型及参数^{[22, 27]}

Table 2. Material model and parameters^{[22, 27]}

混凝土结构（*MAT_CONCRETE_DAMAGE_REL3）
ρ_c/(kg·m⁻³)						抗压强度/MPa					最大失效主应变
2 400						30.0/40.0					0.3

钢筋（*MAT_PLASTIC_KINMATIC）
类型	直径/mm			弹性模量/GPa			泊松比		屈服强度/MPa				拉伸强度/MPa			最大伸长率/%
D4	4			208			0.3		581				640			3.43
D6	6			205			0.3		486				670			8.87
D8	8			204			0.3		451				676			11.56

炸药（*MAT_HIGH_ENERGY_BURN和 EOS_JWL）
ρ_e/(kg·m⁻³)		D/(m·s⁻¹)				p/GPa	A/GPa			B/GPa		R₁		R₂	$ \omega $		E₀/(J·m⁻³)
1 630		6 930				21	370			3.747		4.15		0.9	0.35		7×10⁹

空气（MAT_NULL和EOS_LINEAR_POLYNOMIAL）
ρ_a/(kg·m⁻³)	E/(J·m⁻³)		γ₀		p_c/MPa		C₀	C₁		C₂		C₃		C₄	C₅		C₆
1.29	2.5×10⁵		0		−0.1		0	0		0		0		0.4	0.4		0

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表 3 爆炸工况设计

Table 3. Design of explosion scenarios

工况	泄爆面积/m²	泄爆系数	TNT当量/kg	工况	泄爆面积/m²	泄爆系数	TNT当量/kg
S1	1.89	0.457	2.3	S7	4.14	1.002	2.3
S2	1.89	0.457	4.5	S8	4.14	1.002	4.5
S3	1.89	0.457	9.0	S9	4.14	1.002	9.0
S4	3.24	0.784	2.3	S10	5.04	1.220	2.3
S5	3.24	0.784	4.5	S11	5.04	1.220	4.5
S6	3.24	0.784	9.0	S12	5.04	1.220	9.0

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表 4 自由场爆炸作用于墙体和顶板的反射超压冲量

Table 4. Total reflected impulse of the walls and slabs under free air explosion

TNT当量/kg	I_1-wall/(kPa·s)	I_2-wall/(kPa·s)	I_3-wall/(kPa·s)	I_4-wall/(kPa·s)	墙体总冲量/(kPa·s·m²)
2.3	0.33	0.66	0.49	0.28	6.78
4.5	0.59	1.01	0.81	0.52	11.19
9.0	1.00	1.40	1.25	0.91	17.19

TNT当量/kg	I_1-slab/(kPa·s)	I_2-slab/(kPa·s)	I_3-slab/(kPa·s)	I_4-slab/(kPa·s)	顶板总冲量/(kPa·s·m²)
2.3	0.45	0.91	0.45	0.17	7.69
4.5	0.60	1.11	0.60	0.33	10.94
9.0	0.97	1.38	0.97	0.61	14.86

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表 5 自由场爆炸作用下结构墙板中心点最大位移

Table 5. Maximum displacement of wall and slab centers under free air explosion

TNT当量/kg	距离/m	构件	尺寸/mm	厚度/mm	位移/mm
2.3	1.41	顶板	5 000×5 000	180	19.8
2.3	2.38	墙	3 000×5 000	240	1.5
4.5	1.41	顶板	5 000×5 000	180	50.0
4.5	2.38	墙	3 000×5 000	240	9.9
9.0	1.41	顶板	5 000×5 000	180	122.0
9.0	2.38	墙	3 000×5 000	240	45.0

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