创伤性脑损伤研究的人类头部有限元模型研究进展

张艺涵; 刘雨喆; 王阳; 展祥皓; 周舟; 王丽珍; 樊瑜波

doi:10.11883/bzycj-2024-0393

创伤性脑损伤研究的人类头部有限元模型研究进展

doi: 10.11883/bzycj-2024-0393

张艺涵^{1, 2, 3, 4,},
刘雨喆^{1, 2, 3, 4},
王阳^{1, 2, 3, 4},
展祥皓^{5, 6},
周舟⁷,
王丽珍^{1, 2, 3, 4, ,},
樊瑜波^{1, 2, 3, 4, ,}

1.
北京航空航天大学生物与医学工程学院，北京 100191
2.
北京航空航天大学生物与医学工程学院国家医学攻关（医工结合方向）高端医疗装备与器械产教融合创新平台，北京 100191
3.
北京航空航天大学生物与医学工程学院生物力学与力生物学教育部重点实验室，北京 100191
4.
北京航空航天大学生物与医学工程学院高端医疗装备与器械创新及转化工业和信息化部重点实验室，北京 100191
5.
斯坦福大学生物工程系，美国加州斯坦福 94305
6.
斯坦福大学生物医学数据科学系，美国加州斯坦福 94305
7.
瑞典皇家理工学院神经元工程部门，瑞典斯德哥尔摩 14152

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金（12302414）；北京市自然科学基金（7252287）；中国力学学会“蓄水池”项目（CSTAM 2023-XSC-HW3）；中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金（501QYJC2024110002）

详细信息

作者简介:
张艺涵（2002－　），女，硕士研究生，20376275@buaa.edu.cn

通讯作者:
王丽珍（1981－　），女，博士，教授，lizhenwang@buaa.edu.cn

樊瑜波（1965－　），男，博士，教授，yubofan@buaa.edu.cn

中图分类号: O389
计量
- 文章访问数: 600
- HTML全文浏览量: 93
- PDF下载量: 33
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2024-10-17
- 修回日期: 2025-01-04
- 网络出版日期: 2025-01-07

Advances in finite element models of the human head for traumatic brain injury research

ZHANG Yihan^{1, 2, 3, 4
,},
LIU Yuzhe^{1, 2, 3, 4},
WANG Yang^{1, 2, 3, 4},
ZHAN Xianghao^{5, 6},
ZHOU Zhou⁷,
WANG Lizhen^{1, 2, 3, 4
, ,},
FAN Yubo^{1, 2, 3, 4
, ,}

1.
School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
2.
National Medical Innovation Platform for Industry-Education Integration in Advanced Medical Devices (Interdiscipline of Medicine and Engineering), School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
3.
Key Laboratory of Biomechanics and Mechanobiology, Ministry of Education, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
4.
Key Laboratory of Innovation and Transformation of Advanced Medical Devices, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China
5.
Department of Biomedical Data Science, Stanford University, Stanford 94305, CA, US
6.
Department of Biomedical Data Science, Stanford University, Stanford 94305, CA, US
7.
Division of Neuronic Engineering, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm 14152, Sweden

摘要

摘要: 创伤性脑损伤（traumatic brain injury, TBI）是发病率、患病率最高的神经系统疾病，为全社会带来了巨大的公共卫生负担。深入研究TBI的生物力学原理有助于提升头部防护效果，发展快速评估技术并采取及时干预，从而降低伤情恶化的风险。人类头部有限元模型（finite element head model, FEHM）作为一种数值分析工具，能够模拟头部在受到冲击时的动态响应，包括脑组织的应力应变时空分布、颅内压的变化等，为理解创伤性脑损伤的力学机制提供了重要依据。本文详细总结了国内外主流的人类头部有限元模型的现状与发展，追溯了模型的发展历程，总结了模型的特点并介绍了基于有限元模型的TBI机制研究进展。对相关研究的总结和梳理将有助于开发新型FEHM，并为创伤性脑损伤的风险评估及防护装备的设计提供理论指导和技术支撑。
- 创伤性脑损伤 /
- 人类头部有限元模型 /
- 生物力学 /
- 头部防护
Abstract: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is the neurological disorder with the highest incidence and prevalence, and poses a huge public health burden for the whole society. An in-depth study of the biomechanics of TBI can help to improve the effectiveness of head protection, develop rapid assessment techniques and take timely interventions, thus reducing the risk of injury deterioration. As a numerical analysis tool, the finite element head model (FEHM) is able to simulate the dynamic response of the head during impact, including the spatial and temporal distribution of stress-strain in brain tissues, and the change of intracranial pressure, which provides an important basis for understanding the mechanical mechanism of traumatic brain injury (TBI). This paper summarizes in detail the current status and development of mainstream finite element models of the human head at home and abroad, traces the development of the models, summarises the characteristics of the models and introduces the research progress of TBI mechanisms based on finite element models. The summary and sorting out of related research will be helpful for the development of new FEHMs and provide theoretical guidance and technical support for the risk assessment of traumatic brain injury and the design of protective equipment.
- traumatic brain injury /
- finite element modeling of the human head /
- biomechanics /
- head protection

HTML全文

图 1 KTH模型不同版本

Figure 1. Different versions of the KTH model

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图 2 WSUHIM模型不同版本

Figure 2. Different versions of the WSUHIM model

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图 3 全球人体模型联盟50百分位成年男性头部模型（GHBMC v6.0）^[67]

Figure 3. Global Human Body Model Consortium 50th percentile adult male head model (GHBMC v6.0)^[67]

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图 4 将轴突纤维嵌入GHBMC头部模型的一般过程^[69]

Figure 4. General procedure for embedding axonal fibers into the GHBMC head model^[69]

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图 5 THUMS Version 1^[80] 和改良后的头部模型（2007年）^[76]

Figure 5. THUMS Version 1^[80] and modified head model (2007)^[76]

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图 6 THUMS Version 4模型冠状切面细节对比^[81]

Figure 6. Comparison of coronal section details of THUMS Version 4 models^[81]

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图 7 THUMS Version 4.02头部模型^[83]以及模型的脑室和中脑水管区域应用ICFD^[84]

Figure 7. THUMS Version 4.02 head model^[83] as well as application of ICFD to the ventricular and midbrain aqueduct regions of the model^[84]

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图 8 帝国理工学院人类头部有限元模型^[88]

Figure 8. Imperial College finite element model of the human head^[88]

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图 9 血管损伤预测模型^[94]

Figure 9. Vascular injury prediction model^[94]

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图 10 各向异性WHIM Version 1.0^[100]

Figure 10. Anisotropic WHIM Version 1.0^[100]

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图 11 各向异性WHIM Version2.0^[101]

Figure 11. Anisotropic WHIM Version2.0^[101]

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图 12 ULP头部模型^[112]

Figure 12. ULP head model^[112]

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图 13 新加坡国立大学头部模型中的不同元件^[113]

Figure 13. Different elements in the National University of Singapore head model^[113]

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图 14 天津科技大学第95百分位中国人头部有限元模型^[134]

Figure 14. Finite element modeling of the 95th percentile Chinese head at Tianjin University of Science and Technology^[134]

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图 15 湖南大学人类头部有限元模型（HBM-head model）^[139]

Figure 15. Finite element modeling of the human head at Hunan University（HBM-head model）^[139]

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图 16 用于bTBI研究的头部有限元模型^[142]

Figure 16. Finite element modelling of the head for bTBI studies^[142]

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图 17 重庆理工大学颅脑-神经纤维跨尺度耦合模型^[148]

Figure 17. Cross-scale coupling model of cranial brain-nerve fibers at Chongqing University of Technology^[148]

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表 1 人类头部有限元模型汇总

Table 1. Summary of finite element models of the human head

模型名称	作者	年份	模型描述	网格数量	颅脑接触定义	适用场景
KTH模型	Kleiven等^[26]	2002	开发了KTH模型的原始版本，包括头皮、颅骨、大脑、脑膜、脑脊液（CSF）以及11对矢状旁桥静脉	18 416	固定接触（颅骨-硬脑膜）；允许切向滑动接触（脑-软脑膜）	运动损伤监测、头盔护具设计及TBI机制研究
	Ho等^[29]	2007	提取了主要动静脉血管的几何形状，将脉管系统合并到KTH模型中	/
	Giordano等^[35]	2014	使用各向异性的超粘弹性纤维增强各向异性模型来描述脑组织的力学行为	/
	Zhou等^[41]	2019	使用流固耦合方法（FSI）修改了初始KTH模型中的脑-颅骨界面	增加了CSF单元
	Li等^[48]	2021	增加了大脑皮层表面的沟回结构，并在结构中嵌入了白质（WM）纤维束，实现 CSF层与脑室系统的贯通	4 400 000个六面体单元和540 000个四面体单元	共节点连接
WSUHIM模型/ GHBMC头部模型	Ruan等^[56]	1993	开发了WSUHIM模型的原始版本，具有头皮、三层颅骨、脑脊液（CSF）、硬脑膜、大脑镰和大脑	7 351	/	交通安全、体育运动损伤及TBI机制研究
	Zhou^[57]	1995	细化网格，补充灰质、白质、脑室等解剖细节，定义非均质大脑	22 995	/
	Al-Bsharat等^[59]	1999	引入颅骨和大脑表面的滑动接触界面	/	滑动接触
	Zhang等^[61]	2001	网格更精细，能够模拟高加速度下的直接和间接冲击响应	314 500	无分离滑动接触
	Mao等^[67]	2013	使用多块技术建立了新的模型，具有头皮、颅骨和面部骨骼、鼻窦、大脑、小脑、侧脑室、胼胝体、丘脑和脑干等结构，后集成于GHBMC人体模型	270 552	固定接触
	Wu等^[69]	2019	将白质轴突成分嵌入模型	82 083	/
	Lyu等^[72]	2022	采用各向异性黏-超弹性材料模型定义大脑组织	246 829	/
THUMS 头部模型	Iwamoto等^[80]	2000	仅由颅面部骨骼、韧带和肌肉组成		固定接触	交通安全、汽车碰撞实验以及TBI预测
	Iwamoto等^[76]	2007	区分了皮质骨和松质骨，其余结构包括大脑、小脑、脑干以及脑脊液（CSF）、硬脑膜、软脑膜、蛛网膜、大脑镰和小脑幕等	49 700	固定接触
	Iwamoto等^[79]	2015	消除了颅骨和大脑间的间隙，修改固定接触为共节点连接		共节点连接
	Atsumi等^[83]	2018	补充了深部脑区（胼胝体、边缘系统等）的解剖细节，采用具有各向异性、应变率依赖性及卸载特定的本构模型	62 048
	Atsumi等^[84]	2021	对脑脊液应用不可压缩流体动力学控制方程	61 345
IC模型	Ghajari等^[88]	2017	模型包括头皮、颅骨、大脑、脑膜、蛛网膜下腔和脑室等结构，特别地，补充了大脑表面的脑沟结构	～1 000 000个六面体单元和250 000个四边形单元		头部在碰撞中的生物力学响应及TBI机制研究
IC模型	Duckworth等^[94]	2022	将头部静脉系统纳入模型	1 206 173	共节点连接	头部在碰撞中的生物力学响应及TBI机制研究
WHIM模型	Ji等^[97]	2014	包括大脑、小脑、脑干、大脑镰、小脑幕、胼胝体等重要脑部解剖结构	115 228	共节点连接	体育运动安全、脑部血管损伤及TBI机制研究
	Zhao等^[100]	2019	建立了各向异性大脑模型	143 300
	Zhao等^[101]	2020	将脉管系统合并到模型中	202 800
	Zhao等^[103]	2022	使用基于MRE得到的大脑异质性材料特性定义大脑	202 800
ULP模型	Willinger等^[104]	1995	模型包括颅骨、脑脊液、大脑半球、小脑、脑干和脑膜等结构	6 213	允许3个自由度的运动（沿X和Y轴的平移以及绕Z轴的旋转）	事故重建、法医学研究及TBI机制研究
	Kang等^[106]	1997	修改后的模型包括皮肤、颅骨、面部、大脑、小脑、硬脑膜、蛛网膜下腔、大脑镰和小脑幕等结构；除了大脑是黏弹性材料，其余结构均定义为均匀且各向同性	13 208
	Deck等^[107]	2004	针对颅骨皮质骨和松质骨选用了不同的材料参数，整体模型采用弹塑性材料模型	74 243
UCDBTM模型	Horgan等^[116]	2003	模型包括头皮、三层头骨、硬脑膜、脑脊液、软脑膜、大脑镰、小脑幕、大脑半球、小脑和脑干等结构	9000/25000/50000	实体单元连接	运动损伤、头盔护具性能评估及TBI机制研究
	Yan等^[119]	2011	定义脑组织为黏弹性，将脑脊液模拟为静水流体	/	脑脊液层允许与固体结构相互作用
	Trotta等^[120]	2020	更新了头部多个部件的力学性能，在头皮和颅骨之间引入低摩擦系数，细化了模型的网格	184 261	头部的重心及3个沿x/y/z轴2.5 cm处的点被直接约束到颅骨
图斯特头部模型	包永涛等^[134]	2010	模型包括大脑、小脑、脑干、脑室、脑脊液、硬脑膜、软脑膜、大脑镰、小脑幕以及颅骨的内外骨板和板障等主要头部结构	89 510		更符合中国人特征的保护装置的设计分析、人体运动学和生物力学响应及损伤机理研究
HBM头部模型	Yang^[139]	2011	模型包括头皮、颅骨、硬脑膜、脑脊液（CSF）、软脑膜、大脑、小脑、脑室、脑干、大脑镰、小脑幕等解剖结构	61 121	滑动接触	车辆碰撞中的颅脑损伤及潜在的损伤机制研究
用于bTBI研究的头部模型	Li等^[142]	2019	模型包括大脑、小脑、脑干、侧脑室、第三脑室、脑膜、脑脊液及具有典型三明治结构的颅骨、皮肤和颈部	303 588	自由边界	爆炸冲击波所致的颅脑损伤研究
注：如无特殊说明，以上网格数量统计均为不同单元数量之和

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