深部岩体结构面动力特性与致灾效应研究进展

单仁亮; 柏皓博; 孙鹏; 李泳臻; 吴浩田; 肖圣超; 窦浩宇

doi:10.11883/bzycj-2024-0399

深部岩体结构面动力特性与致灾效应研究进展

doi: 10.11883/bzycj-2024-0399

中国矿业大学（北京）力学与土木工程学院，北京 100083

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金（52274148）

详细信息

作者简介:
单仁亮（1964－　），男，博士，教授，博士生导师，srl@cumtb.edu.cn

通讯作者:
柏皓博（1996－　），男，博士研究生，915624065@qq.com

中图分类号: O342
计量
- 文章访问数: 206
- HTML全文浏览量: 13
- PDF下载量: 42
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2024-10-22
- 修回日期: 2024-12-31
- 网络出版日期: 2025-01-06

Research progress on the dynamic characteristics of structural planes in deep rock mass and associated disaster-inducing effects

School of Mechanics and Civil Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China

摘要

摘要: 随着全球资源需求的持续上升，深部地下工程的开发规模不断扩大，面临日益复杂的地质条件和高地应力环境。这种转变使得深部含结构面岩体的动力特性研究成为近年来的热点与难点问题。为此，首先对结构面的动剪切和动拉压特性进行了系统总结，并深入分析了多种因素对结构面动力行为的影响。然后，探讨了结构面效应对岩体动力特性的影响，特别是对岩体动强度和动变形的作用。此外，针对常见的深部动力灾害，如岩爆、大变形和冲击地压，梳理了其触发机制和防治技术，强调了建立有效理论和技术体系的重要性。最后，对未来深部岩体结构面动力特性及动力灾害防控技术的研究方向进行了展望，呼吁结合新兴技术与理论方法，以提升研究的深度与广度，从而提高工程实践中的安全性和有效性。
- 深地工程 /
- 结构面 /
- 动力特性 /
- 致灾效应 /
- 防控技术
Abstract: As the global demand for resources continues to rise, the scale of deep underground engineering development expands, facing increasingly complex geological conditions and high-stress environments. This shift has made the study of the dynamic characteristics of deep rock masses with structural planes a hot and challenging research topic in recent years. Firstly, a systematic summary of the dynamic shear and tensile characteristics of structural planes was conducted, along with an in-depth analysis of the impact of various factors on their dynamic behavior. Additionally, the effect of structural plane effects on the dynamic properties of rock masses was explored, particularly regarding dynamic strength and deformation. Furthermore, the triggering mechanisms and prevention technologies for common deep dynamic disasters, such as rock bursts, large deformations, and dynamic pressure, have been reviewed, emphasizing the importance of establishing an effective theoretical and technical system. Finally, a forward-looking perspective on future research directions for the dynamic characteristics of deep rock masses with structural planes and disaster prevention technologies is offered, calling for the integration of emerging technologies and theoretical methods to enhance the depth and breadth of research, thereby promoting the safety and effectiveness in engineering practice.
- deep earth engineering /
- structural surface /
- dynamic characteristics /
- disaster effect /
- prevention and control technology

HTML全文

图 1 应力阶跃试验结果^[11]

Figure 1. Results of stress step test^[11]

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图 2 结构面角度与起伏角

Figure 2. Structural plane angle and relief angle

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图 3 剪切应力-剪切位移曲线^[13]

Figure 3. Shear stress-shear displacement curves^[13]

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图 4 动态本构力学模型^[16]

Figure 4. Dynamic constitutive mechanical model^[16]

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图 5 实验结果^[17]

Figure 5. Experimental results^[17]

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图 6 黏弹性模型^[19-20]

Figure 6. Viscoelastic models^[19-20]

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图 7 岩石结构面冲击剪切试验装置^[27]

Figure 7. Test apparatus used in the impact shear tests of rock discontinuity^[27]

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图 8 不同应力路径下剪切应力-位移曲线^[30]

Figure 8. Shear stress-displacement curves under different stress paths^[30]

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图 9 大理岩能耗与维数的关系曲线^[34]

Figure 9. Relation curve between energy dissipation and dimension in Marble^[34]

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图 10 水平位移时程曲线^[39]

Figure 10. Time history of horizontal displacement^[39]

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图 11 多功能真三轴流固耦合试验系统^[50]

Figure 11. Multifunctional true triaxial fluid-solid coupling test system^[50]

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图 12 深部岩体动静组合加载问题研究思路^[53]

Figure 12. Research approach for dynamic-static combined loading issues in deep rock mass^[53]

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图 13 块系岩体动态力学性能测试试验系统^[54]

Figure 13. Test system for dynamic mechanical properties of block rock mass^[54]

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图 14 裂隙试样几何结构示意图^[56]

Figure 14. Schematic diagram of the geometric configurations of the fissured specimen^[56]

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图 15 不同参数下结构面的滑移条件^[63]

Figure 15. Slip conditions of structural plane under different parameters^[63]

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图 16 NPR锚杆结构原理^[69]

Figure 16. Principle of NPR anchor structure^[69]

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图 17 管索组合结构示意图^[72]

Figure 17. Schematic illustration of the anchor cable with C-shaped tube^[72]

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图 18 不同煤柱宽度下的垂直应力^[78]

Figure 18. Vertical stress under different pillar widths^[78]

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表 1 黏滑效应的影响因素^{[10, 12]}

Table 1. Influencing factors of stick-slip effect^{[10, 12]}

影响因素	影响机理
法向应力	较高的法向应力往往会增加摩擦阻力，从而延缓滑移的发生
接触面粗糙度	高粗糙度表面更容易触发黏滑效应
加载速率	较高的加载速率可能使滑移阶段更具破坏性
材料属性	材料的黏弹性、塑性等特性影响黏滑效应的发生频率和强度

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表 2 动态加载模式与破坏模式

Table 2. Dynamic loading mode and destruction mode

加载模式	破坏模式
单向加载	滑移破坏，可能伴随局部破裂，导致岩体沿滑动方向错位
多向加载	在多向加载下，破坏模式包括剪切滑移、裂隙扩展和张拉破裂等。局部破裂与滑移相结合，破坏形式更加复杂
循环加载	随着循环次数的增加，滑移幅度逐渐增大，裂隙扩展贯通。局部应力集中区域易发生疲劳破坏，导致局部或整体失稳
低频加载	滑移行为明显，破坏模式主要为沿着弱面发生剪切滑移
高频加载	局部应力集中加剧，滑移伴随裂隙扩展，最终可能导致大规模的结构面失稳
小幅加载	局部滑移和微裂纹扩展，但整体保持相对稳定，破坏较分散且不剧烈
大幅加载	滑移与局部破裂剧烈发生，最终导致整体失稳或坍塌
低速加载	滑移行为较温和，局部破裂扩展缓慢，整体破坏模式可预测
高速加载	破坏过程迅速，滑移和裂隙扩展同时发生，甚至可能形成贯通性裂隙，导致整体坍塌或大规模失稳

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