Abstract: As global resource demand continues to rise, the scale of deep underground engineering development is expanding, facing increasingly complex geological conditions and high stress environments. This transition has made the study of the dynamic characteristics of deep rock masses with structural planes a hot and challenging research topic in recent years. This paper systematically summarizes the dynamic shear and dynamic tensile characteristics of structural planes and provides an in-depth analysis of various factors affecting their dynamic behavior. Additionally, it explores the impact of structural plane effects on the dynamic properties of rock masses, particularly regarding dynamic strength and deformation. For common deep dynamic disasters, such as rock bursts, large deformations, and dynamic pressure, this paper reviews their triggering mechanisms and prevention technologies, emphasizing the importance of establishing an effective theoretical and technical system. Finally, this paper offers a forward-looking perspective on future research directions for the dynamic characteristics of deep rock masses with structural planes and disaster prevention technologies, calling for the integration of emerging technologies and theoretical methods to enhance the depth and breadth of research, thereby promoting safety and effectiveness in engineering practice.