Influence of filled joints with different inclination angles on rock blasting fragmentation
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摘要: 为了理解节理与爆炸应力波之间的相互作用，并优化节理岩体的爆破参数，通过试验与数值模拟相结合的方式研究不同节理倾角对爆破块度的影响：采用一组含有不同角度节理的混凝土模型试样开展爆破试验，在试样竖直孔中装填雷管并爆破，使用高速摄像机记录试样爆破破碎过程，观测起爆后不同时刻节理面的动态响应；利用图像处理方法进行爆破块度提取，分析节理倾角对爆破块度的影响；采用LS-DYNA有限元数值模拟获得应力波的传播过程以及应变场的演变过程。试验与数值计算结果表明：节理对爆破块度分布及应力波传播有显著影响，该影响主要源于爆炸应力波在节理处的反射，这与节理的变形特性有关；随着节理倾角增大，爆破块度先减小后增大，节理中的有效应力和峰值质点振动速度透射总体呈下降趋势，但在45°至60°之间回升，其中45°左右为爆破最有利条件。数值裂纹网络重建和图像处理结果表明，随着节理倾角的增加，试样中产生的垂直裂纹增加，水平裂纹有所减少。Abstract: To understand the interaction between joints and blasting stresses and optimizing blasting parameters in jointed rock, the impact of different joint inclinations on blasting fragmentation was studied through a combination of experiments and numerical simulations. In this study, a group of concrete model specimens containing joints with different angles was used in the blasting experiments to investigate the effect of joint inclination on blast fragmentation. During experiments, detonators were placed in vertical boreholes in the specimens and detonated, while high-speed camera was used to capture the fragmentation process. The dynamic responses of joint surfaces at different time intervals after detonation was observed, and blasting fragmentation distribution was extracted using image processing techniques. The effect of joint inclination on blasting fragmentation was analyzed. The propagation of stress waves and the evolution of strain fields within the specimens was obtained in finite element numerical simulations by using LS-DYNA. Experimental and numerical results indicated that the joints have a significant influence on the distribution of blasting fragmentation and the propagation of stress waves. The impact of the joints on the blasting performance was mainly attributed to the reflection of blasting waves from the joints, which was related to the deformation characteristics of the joints. With the increase of joint inclination, the blasting fragmentation initially decreased followed by an increase. The effective stress and peak particle velocity transmission in the joints decreased overall with the increase of joint inclination, but showed a rebound between 45° and 60°. This suggests approximately 45° is the most favorable condition for rock fragmentation under blasting. Moreover, the results obtained from numerical crack network reconstruction and image processing revealed that there was an upsurge in the occurrence of vertical cracks in the specimen as the joint inclination increased, while a decline was observed in the presence of horizontal cracks.
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图 6 内、外层爆破效果及岩体爆破块度分区示意图
Figure 6. Illustration of inner and outer blasting effects and partition of rock blasting fragmentation
图 7 钻孔周围破坏过程高速照片
Figure 7. High-speed photographs of the destruction process around the borehole
图 8 节理应变场演变(t = 250 μs, 375 μs, 500 μs, 625 μs, 750 μs, 875 μs)
Figure 8. Strain field evolution of joints(t = 250 μs, 375 μs, 500 μs, 625 μs,750 μs. 875 μs)
图 14 完整试样爆破块度分布实验结果与数值计算结果对比
Figure 14. Comparison of experimental and numerical results of fragmentations distribution on intact specimen
图 21 圆柱形p波通过节理面传播示意图
Figure 21. Schematic diagram of cylindric p-wave propagation through a joint plane
图 24 不同倾斜节理爆破能量消耗示意图
Figure 24. Schematic diagram of energy consumption during blasting for different inclined joints
表 1 材料基本力学参数
Table 1. Basic mechanical parameters of materials
材料类型 ρ/(kg·m−3) fc/MPa ft/MPa) E/GPa ν 混凝土 2162 43.85 2.19 20.7 0.23 石膏砂浆 1905 7.4 1.45 1.56 0.32 注：ρ为密度，fc为抗压强度，ft抗拉强度，E为弹性模量，ν为泊松比. 
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