K447A合金的高温动态力学性能及本构关系

黄蓉; 张欣玥; 惠旭龙; 白春玉; 刘小川; 牟让科; 李钢; 李奎

doi:10.11883/bzycj-2024-0477

K447A合金的高温动态力学性能及本构关系

doi: 10.11883/bzycj-2024-0477

黄蓉^{1, 2, 3,},
张欣玥^{1, 2, 3},
惠旭龙^{1, 2, 3},
白春玉^{1, 2, 3},
刘小川^{1, 2, 3},
牟让科^{1, 2, 3, ,},
李钢⁴,
李奎⁴

1.
强度与结构完整性全国重点实验室，陕西西安 710065
2.
中国飞机强度研究所结构冲击动力学航空科技重点实验室，陕西西安 710065
3.
陕西省飞行器振动冲击与噪声重点实验室，陕西西安 710065
4.
中国航发湖南动力机械研究所，湖南株洲 412000

基金项目: 工信部民机专项科研项目

详细信息

作者简介:
黄　蓉（2001－　），女，硕士研究生，huangr0911@163.com

通讯作者:
牟让科（1966－　），男，博士，研究员，rangkemu@163.com

中图分类号: O347.3; V252
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- 文章访问数: 92
- HTML全文浏览量: 8
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2024-12-04
- 修回日期: 2025-03-24
- 网络出版日期: 2025-03-26

High-temperature dynamic mechanical properties and intrinsic relationships of K447A alloy

HUANG Rong^{1, 2, 3
,},
ZHANG Xinyue^{1, 2, 3},
HUI Xulong^{1, 2, 3},
BAI Chunyu^{1, 2, 3},
LIU Xiaochuan^{1, 2, 3},
MU Rang-ke^{1, 2, 3
, ,},
LI Gang⁴,
LI Kui⁴

1.
National Key Laboratory of Strength and Structural Integrity, Xi'an 710065, Shaanxi, China
2.
.Key Laboratory of Aviation Science and Technology on Structures Impact Dynamics, Aircraft Strength Research Institute of China, Xi'an 710065, Shaanxi, China
3.
Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Aircraft Vibration, Impact and Noise, Xi'an 710065, Shaanxi, China
4.
Aecc Hunan Aviation Powerplant Research Institute, Zhuzhou 412000, Hunan, China

摘要

摘要: K447A是一种广泛用于航空发动机关键热端部件的镍基高温合金，通过在25～1000 ℃温度范围内进行准静态和高应变率压缩试验，系统研究了K447A高温合金的动态力学性能，并深入剖析了温度和应变率对其塑性流动行为的影响。研究结果表明：K447A合金的塑性变形过程中同时存在应变硬化、热软化和应变率强化现象。随着应变率从准静态增加到5000 s⁻¹，温度敏感指数s逐渐减小，而在800 ℃时，K447A合金在高应变率范围出现反常应力峰。随着温度的升高，应变率敏感因子p逐渐增大；材料内部的微观组织结构受应变率和温度耦合影响，应变率增加会导致晶粒细化，而温度升高会导致材料内部低角晶界占比减少从而出现动态再结晶现象。基于流动应力受温度和应变率耦合影响的考虑，建立了修正的Johnson-Cook（J-C）本构模型，与修正前相比，预测误差从26.36%降低到9.05%。
- K447A高温合金 /
- 率-温耦合效应 /
- 动态力学行为 /
- 本构表征
Abstract: K447A, a nickel-based superalloy, is widely used in critical hot-end components of aerospace engines due to its excellent high-temperature performance. Through quasi - static and high strain rate compression experiments within the temperature range of 25 ℃ to 1000 ℃, the dynamic mechanical properties of K447A superalloy were systematically investigated. The effects of temperature and strain rate on its plastic flow behavior and material microstructure were analyzed. By examining the stress-strain curves under quasi-static conditions and utilizing electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD), the microstructural characteristics of specimens deformed at various strain rates and temperatures were analyzed. The results reveal that during the plastic deformation of K447A, strain hardening, temperature softening, and strain rate strengthening phenomena coexist. As the strain rate increases from quasi-static levels to 5000 s⁻¹, the temperature sensitivity index (s) gradually decreases, indicating a diminishing temperature softening effect at higher strain rates. Notably, at an elevated strain rate of 800 ℃, an anomalous stress peak appears in the flow stress-strain curve of the K447A alloy, suggesting complex interactions between temperature and strain rate during deformation. Furthermore, the strain rate sensitivity coefficient (p) increases with temperature, highlighting a more pronounced strain rate strengthening effect at elevated temperatures. Microstructural changes within the material, which are influenced by the coupling of strain rate and temperature, are also examined. An increase in strain rate leads to grain refinement, while higher temperatures result in a decrease in the proportion of low-angle grain boundaries, facilitating dynamic recrystallization within the material. To accurately describe the flow stress influenced by the interplay of temperature and strain rate, a modified Johnson-Cook (J-C) constitutive model was developed. This revised model demonstrates improved predictive capability compared to the original formulation, effectively capturing the plastic flow behavior of K447A across a broad range of temperatures and strain rates. The predictive error is significantly reduced from 26.36% to 9.05%, underscoring the model's enhanced accuracy and reliability in simulating the mechanical performance of K447A alloy under varying operational conditions.
- K447A high-temperature alloys /
- rate-temperature coupling effect /
- dynamic mechanical behavior /
- intrinsic characterization

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图 1 引伸计测位移示意图

Figure 1. Schematic diagram of displacement measurement by extensometer

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图 2 准静态高温压缩试验装置

Figure 2. Quasi-static high-temperature compression testing device

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图 3 高温SHPB装置示意图

Figure 3. Schematic diagram of high-temperature SHPB device

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图 4 高温SHPB系统

Figure 4. High-temperature SHPB system

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图 5 SHPB高温试验装置

Figure 5. High-temperature SHPB testing apparatus

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图 6 准静态压缩试验的真实应力-真实应变曲线

Figure 6. True stress-true strain curve from Quasi-Static compression test

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图 7 高应变率压缩试验的真实应力-真实应变曲线

Figure 7. True stress-true strain curve from high strain rate compression test

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图 8 K447A合金在3种应变率下不同温度的压缩塑性应力-应变曲线

Figure 8. Compression plastic stress-strain curves of K447A alloy at different temperatures under three strain rates

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图 9 K447A合金EBSD分析的BC+GB图

Figure 9. BC + GB diagram from EBSD analysis of K447A alloy

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图 10 K447A合金在4种温度下不同应变率的压缩塑性应力-应变曲线

Figure 10. Compression plastic stress-strain curves of K447A alloy at different strain rates under four temperatures

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图 11 K447A不同温度下的应变率敏感性

Figure 11. Strain rate sensitivity of K447A alloy at different temperatures

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图 12 K447A不同应变率的温度敏感指数

Figure 12. Temperature sensitivity index of K447A alloy at different strain rates

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图 13 K447A合金准静态和动态压缩结果图片

Figure 13. Images of quasi-static compression results for K447A alloy

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图 14 K447A合金EBSD分析的IPF图

Figure 14. IPF map from ebsd analysis of K447A alloy

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图 15 K447A合金EBSD分析的KAM图

Figure 15. KAM map from ebsd analysis of K447A alloy

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图 16 J-C本构模型拟合结果与试验结果对比

Figure 16. Comparison of J-C constitutive model fitting results with experimental results

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图 17 $ ln{\dot \varepsilon ^*} $与流动应力关系

Figure 17. Relationships between $ ln{\dot \varepsilon ^*} $ and flow stress

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图 18 塑性应变为0.1时的流动应力

Figure 18. Flow Stress at plastic strain of 0.1

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图 19 2种本构模型拟合结果与试验结果对比

Figure 19. Comparison of fitting results of two constitutive models with experimental results

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表 1 K447A合金化学成分（质量分数）^[5]

Table 1. Chemical composition of K447A alloy (mass fraction)^[5] %

C	Cr	Co	W	Mo	Ta	Al	Ti	Hf	B	Zr	Ni
0.13～0.17	8.0～8.8	9.0～11.0	9.5～10.5	0.5～0.8	2.8～3.3	5.3～5.7	0.9～1.2	1.2～1.6	0.01～0.02	0.03～0.08	余量

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表 2 K447A高温合金压缩试验矩阵

Table 2. Experimental matrix for high-temperature compression of K447A Alloy

应变率/s⁻¹	温度/℃
准静态(0.005)	室温、400、600、800、1000
1000	室温、600、800、1000
5000	室温、600、800、1000

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表 3 K447A合金J-C修正本构模型参数

Table 3. J-C modified constitutive model parameters for K447A alloy

A/MPa	B/MPa	n	C₁	C₂	C₃	C₄	m₁	m₂	m₃
784.25	2026.43	0.599	1.635e-4	0.5093	−0.0295	-0.03	2.04605	0.31807	−0.01434

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表 4 本构模型与试验结果对比的相对均方根误差结果

Table 4. Comparison of relative root mean square errors of pre-experimental results and constitutive models

应变率/s⁻¹	温度/℃	$ {\lambda _{{\text{RRMSEK}}}} $/%
应变率/s⁻¹	温度/℃	J-C模型	修正J-C模型
准静态	室温	11.55	2.57
	400	3.94	5.47
	600	9.28	7.65
	800	22.98	15.37
	1000	20.12	18.89
1000	室温	6.79	1.61
	600	27.84	2.04
	800	44.15	8.72
	1000	55.29	10.88
5000	室温	5.31	1.98
	600	24.70	16.66
	800	52.35	15.45
	1000	58.36	10.33

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