超高速武器战斗部侵彻效能分析与混凝土遮弹层设计

吴昊; 岑国华; 程月华

doi:10.11883/bzycj-2025-0041

超高速武器战斗部侵彻效能分析与混凝土遮弹层设计

doi: 10.11883/bzycj-2025-0041

同济大学土木工程学院，上海 200092

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金（52308522）；工程材料与结构冲击振动四川省重点实验室开放基金（23kfgk01）

详细信息

作者简介:
吴　昊（1981－　），男，博士，教授，wuhaocivil@tongji.edu.cn

通讯作者:
程月华（1994－　），女，博士，yhcheng@tongji.edu.cn

中图分类号: O385
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- HTML全文浏览量: 120
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2025-02-14
- 修回日期: 2025-05-09
- 网络出版日期: 2025-05-14

Penetration effectiveness analysis of AGM-183A hypervelocity weapon warhead and design of concrete shield

College of Civil Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China

摘要

摘要: 随着超高速武器的飞速发展，开展超高速武器战斗部侵彻混凝土遮弹层效能分析对于新建和已建防护结构的设计与安全评估具有重要意义。针对超高速武器战斗部打击普通强度混凝土（normal strength concrete, NSC）、超高性能混凝土（ultra-high performance concrete, UHPC）和刚玉块石混凝土（corundum rubble concrete, CRC）3种典型遮弹层问题，首先，通过对比钢/钨合金弹体侵彻3种靶体试验和数值仿真结果，验证有限元仿真分析方法中数值算法、网格尺寸和材料模型参数取值等的可靠性；然后，基于侵彻深度和弹体残余长度等效的网格过渡策略，建立了适用于原型工况分析的数值仿真分析方法；最后，在Ma为3～8工况下，开展对AGM-183A超高速武器战斗部侵彻3种遮弹层的数值模拟。结果表明：AGM-183A超高速武器战斗部分别以Ma=4、Ma=4和Ma=3侵彻NSC、UHPC和CRC遮弹层的极限侵彻深度为4.26、3.74和1.00 m，侵彻速度继续增大时，弹体弧柱交接处因局部应力集中发生断裂等结构失稳现象导致侵彻效能下降。与常规声速钻地武器战斗部SDB、WDU-43/B和BLU-109/B侵彻爆炸破坏深度相比，AGM-183A侵彻NSC遮弹层的深度分别达到3.2、1.6和1.8倍，侵彻UHPC遮弹层的深度分别达到4.7、2.1和2.2倍，侵彻CRC遮弹层的深度分别达到3.4、1.3和1.5倍。3种遮弹层抗AGM-183A超高速武器战斗部侵彻的建议设计厚度分别为8.01、7.03和1.88 m，UHPC相对NSC遮弹层的抗超高速侵彻能力提升不明显，CRC遮弹层可以有效兼顾抵抗常规声速和超高速战斗部打击，建议设计时优先采用。
- 超高速 /
- AGM-183A /
- 混凝土遮弹层 /
- 防护设计 /
- 刚玉块石混凝土
Abstract: With the rapid development of hypervelocity weapons, analyzing the penetration effectiveness of hypervelocity weapon warheads on concrete shields is significant for the design of newly-built protective structures and the safety evaluation of as-built protective structures. Focusing on the penetration performance of AGM-183A hypervelocity weapon warhead against three typical shields: normal strength concrete (NSC), ultra-high performance concrete (UHPC), and corundum rubble concrete (CRC), firstly, the reliability of the numerical algorithms, mesh size, and material model parameters used in the finite element analysis method was fully validated by comparing the experimental and simulation results of three types of target subjected to penetration of steel/tungsten alloy projectiles. Subsequently, a numerical analysis method for the prototype scenario was established based on a mesh transition strategy equivalent to penetration depth and recovered projectile length. Finally, a series of simulations were conducted for the AGM-183A hypervelocity weapon warhead penetrating the aforementioned three shields at Ma ranging from 3 to 8. The results indicate that: (1) the AGM-183A hypervelocity weapon warhead reaches maximum penetration depth when NSC, UHPC, and CRC shields subjected to penetration at Ma=4, Ma=4, and Ma=3, respectively, with depths of 4.26, 3.74, and 1.00 m. Due to instability phenomena of projectiles, such as fractures at the junction between the head and body caused by local stress concentration, further increases in penetration velocity lead to a decrease in penetration effectiveness; (2) compared with the combined penetration and explosion damage depths of conventional sound speed penetrating warheads SDB, WDU-43/B, and BLU-109/B, the penetration depths induced by AGM-183A into NSC, UHPC, and CRC shields are 3.2, 1.6, and 1.8 times, 4.7, 2.1, and 2.2 times, and 3.4, 1.3, and 1.5 times higher, respectively; (3) the recommended design thicknesses of the three shields against the AGM-183A hypervelocity weapon warhead are 8.01, 7.03, and 1.88 m, respectively. The UHPC shield shows no significant improvement subjected to hypervelocity penetration compared with the NSC shield. Comparatively, the CRC shield is recommended for shield design, which can be effectively subjected to both conventional subsonic and hypervelocity impacts.
- hypervelocity /
- AGM-183A /
- concrete shield /
- protective design /
- corundum rubble concrete

HTML全文

图 1 AGM-183A超高速武器战斗部尺寸图

Figure 1. Dimensions of AGM-183A hypervelocity weapon warhead

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图 2 三种典型混凝土遮弹层

Figure 2. Three typical concrete shields

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图 3 试验弹、靶^[4]及有限元模型

Figure 3. Projectile and NSC target of test^[4] and finite element model

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图 4 试验与数值模拟结果对比

Figure 4. Comparisons of test and simulation results

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图 5 试验布置^[25]及模拟结果

Figure 5. Test setup^[25] and simulation results

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图 6 UHPC靶体损伤云图、侵彻深度及回收弹体对比

Figure 6. Damage contours and penetration depth of UHPC targets and comparisons of recovered projectile

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图 7 弹体侵彻CRC靶体有限元模型以及弹靶破坏形态对比

Figure 7. Finite element model and damage pattern comparisons of target and projectile

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图 8 数值仿真策略以及2种网格尺寸模拟结果对比

Figure 8. Numerical simulation strategy and comparisons of simulated results for two mesh sizes

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图 9 原型工况有限元模型

Figure 9. Finite element model of prototype scenarios

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图 10 AGM-183A超高速武器战斗部侵彻3种遮弹层侵彻深度及弹体破坏形态

Figure 10. Penetration depth and damage of recovered projectiles for three shields against AGM-183A hypervelocity weapon warhead

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图 11 Ma为3和4侵彻NSC和UHPC遮弹层模拟结果及回收弹体对比图

Figure 11. Simulation results of NSC and UHPC shields penetrated at Ma=3 and Ma=4 and comparisons of recovered projectiles

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图 12 典型工况3种遮弹层最终损伤云图以及回收弹体断裂形态对比

Figure 12. Damage contours of three shields and comparisons of recovered fractured projectiles in typical scenario

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图 13 常规钻地武器战斗部尺寸及其与AGM-183A超高速武器战斗部打击遮弹层效能对比

Figure 13. Dimensions of conventional earth penetrating warheads and comparisons of damage depth of four warheads

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表 1 弹体的JC材料模型参数

Table 1. JC material model parameters of projectile

材料	ρ/(g·cm⁻³)	A_JC/MPa	B_JC/MPa	n_JC	C_JC	m_JC	D_1JC	D_2JC	D_3JC	D_4JC	D_5JC
45钢	7.85	380	660	0.4	0.64	1.40	0	0	0	0	0
93W钨合金	17.7	600	1200	0.494	0.81	0.82	1	0	0	0	0
D6A钢	7.85	1420	1018	0.6	0.5	1.07	0.9	0	0	0	0
DT300钢	7.85	792	510	0.26	0.014	1.03	0.05	3.44	−2.12	−0.01	0.61
30CrMnSiNi2MoVE	7.85	1300	2483	0.474	0.09	1.07	0.692	1.581	−3.053	−0.02	2.98

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表 2 混凝土的HJC材料模型参数

Table 2. HJC material model parameters of concrete target

材料	f_c/MPa	A_HJC	B_HJC	N_HJC	S_maxHJC	p_lockHJC/GPa	K_1HJC/GPa	K_2HJC/GPa	K_3HJC/GPa	D_1HJC	D_2HJC	C_HJC
NSC	52.5	0.28	1.85	0.84	15	1.21	12	135	698	0.04	1.0	0.006
NSC	42.7	0.28	1.85	0.84	15	1.21	12	135	698	0.04	1.0	0.006
UHPC	142	0.3	1.73	0.79	7	3.47	116	−243	506	0.04	1.0	0.005
UHPC	115	0.3	1.73	0.79	7	3.47	116	−243	506	0.04	1.0	0.005

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表 3 回收弹体残余长度对比

Table 3. Comparisons of recovered projectile length

侵彻速度/(m·s⁻¹)	回收弹体残余长度			侵彻速度/(m·s⁻¹)	回收弹体残余长度
侵彻速度/(m·s⁻¹)	试验/mm	模拟/mm	误差/%	侵彻速度/(m·s⁻¹)	试验/mm	模拟/mm	误差/%
510	29.9	28.3	−5.4	1084	21.5	21.2	−1.4
703	28.2	26.3	−6.8	1134	19.2	20.2	5.2
807	26.6	25.4	−4.5	1288	18.9	18.3	−3.2
866	24.4	24.3	−0.4	1332	16.4	17.3	5.5
997	22.1	22.5	1.8	1373	16.8	16.4	−2.4
1016	20.3	22.3	9.9	1457	14.5	16.4	13.1

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表 4 刚玉块石与UHPC基体界面参数^[23]

Table 4. Interface parameters between corundum rubble and UHPC matrix

NFLS/MPa	SFLS/MPa	PARAM	ERATEN/(MN·mm⁻¹)	ERATES/(MN·mm⁻¹)	CT2CN	CN/(GPa·m⁻¹)
9	27	-2	1	3	0.42	5

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表 5 刚玉块石JH-2模型参数^{[44, 45]}

Table 5. JH-2 model parameters of corundum rubble

ρ/(kg·m⁻³)	G/GPa	A_JH-2	B_JH-2	C_JH-2	M_JH-2	N_JH-2	$ {\dot{\varepsilon }}_{0} $	T_JH-2/GPa	HEL/GPa	p_HEL/GPa	D_1JH-2	D_2JH-2	F_sJH-2
3800	152	0.88	0.431	0.007	0.6	0.64	1.0	2.62	6.75	3.65	0.0125	1.85	0.6

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表 6 3种常规钻地武器战斗部参数

Table 6. Parameters of three conventional earth penetrating warheads

战斗部	直径/mm	总质量/kg	长度/mm	弹壳壁厚/mm	头部曲径比	装药类型	装药质量/kg
SDB	152	113	1800	10.8	3	HMX	15.3
WDU-43/B	234	454	2400	41.5	9	HMX	66.7
BLU-109/B	368	874	2510	25.4	3	PBXN-109	238

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表 7 4种原型战斗部打击3种遮弹层防护设计厚度

Table 7. Protective design thickness of three shields against four prototype warheads

战斗部	遮弹层	破坏作用	侵彻（爆炸）深度/m	侵彻（爆炸）临界贯穿系数	遮弹层防护设计厚度/m
SDB	NSC	侵彻爆炸	1.33	1.36	1.81
	UHPC		0.79	1.76	1.39
	CRC		0.29	1.88	0.55
WDU-43/B	NSC	侵彻爆炸	2.7	1.39	3.75
	UHPC		1.76	1.58	2.79
	CRC		0.78	1.81	1.41
BLU-109/B	NSC	侵彻爆炸	2.35	1.74	4.09
	UHPC		1.71	1.60	2.72
	CRC		0.68	2.17	1.48
AGM-183A	NSC	侵彻	4.26	1.88	8.01
	UHPC		3.74	1.88	7.03
	CRC		1	1.88	1.88

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