Experimental Study on the Coupling Effects of Initial Temperature and Pressure on the Explosion Limits of Propylene-Air Mixtures
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摘要: 为有效预防丙烯在生产、储存及使用过程中的燃爆风险，利用12 L爆炸极限测试仪测定了丙烯-空气混合物在不同初始温度（20~180 ℃）和初始压力（0.1~0.9 MPa）条件下的爆炸极限。实验结果表明：随初始温度、初始压力的升高丙烯爆炸上限显著上升，爆炸下限轻微下降，爆炸极限明显变宽。在初始温度为180 ℃时，随着压力的升高，丙烯爆炸上限测试中碳粉生成量显著增加，同时丙烯爆炸下限下降趋势由直线变为滑梯状曲线。通过CHETAH 11.0软件分析发现，碳粉含量升高与高温高压条件下的热力学特性密切相关，当压力从0.1 MPa升至0.9 MPa时，爆炸产物中碳含量从3.82%急剧增加至25.88%，这种显著增长主要源于两个方面：一是高压条件促进了Boudouard反应向碳生成方向进行，二是高压环境下反应物总量提升，导致产物总量成倍增加。利用CHEMKIN软件分析了丙烯爆炸下限条件下燃烧特性规律：在贫燃料区，丙烯通过自由基链式反应最终生成CO2，使计算绝热火焰温度（Calculated Adiabatic Flame Temperature，CAFT）维持在
1400 K以上；随着压力升高CAFT逐渐降低；随着温度升高CAFT呈现压力依赖性转变，低压（低于0.5 MPa）时CAFT上升，高压时则下降，0.5 MPa为关键转变阈值。研究还发现初始温度、初始压力的耦合影响明显高于单因素的影响且对爆炸上限的影响明显高于爆炸下限：在初始温度单因素影响下，爆炸上限上升4.2％，爆炸下限下降3.41％；在初始压力单因素的影响下，爆炸上限上升51.3％，爆炸下限下降2.44％；在初始温度和初始压力的耦合影响下，爆炸上限上升了108％，爆炸下限下降了18.05％。Abstract: To effectively prevent explosion hazards during propylene production, storage, and utilization, the explosion limits of propylene in air under varying initial temperatures (20 ℃–180 ℃) and initial pressures (0.1 MPa–0.9 MPa) were measured using 12L explosion limit tester. The study revealed that as the initial temperature and pressure increase, the upper explosion limit (UEL) of propylene rises significantly, while the lower explosion limit (LEL) decreases slightly, resulting in a marked broadening of the explosion limit range. At an initial temperature of 180 ℃, with the pressure increases, the carbon powder content in the explosive products significantly increases during the UEL test, and the LEL decline transitions from a linear to a sliding-curve pattern. Analysis using CHETAH 11.0 software revealed that the increase in carbon powder content is closely related to thermodynamic properties under high-temperature and high-pressure conditions. When the pressure rises from 0.1 MPa to 0.9 MPa, the carbon powder content in the explosion products surges from 3.82% to 25.88%. This significant growth primarily stems from two factors: first, high-pressure conditions promote the Boudouard reaction toward carbon formation; second, the increased total amount of reactants under high pressure leads to a multiplicative rise in product quantities.Using CHEMKIN software, the combustion characteristics of propylene under lower explosion limit conditions were investigated. In the fuel-lean region, propylene undergoes free radical chain reactions, ultimately generating CO2, which maintains the calculated adiabatic flame temperature (CAFT) above1400 K. As pressure increases, CAFT gradually decreases. Meanwhile, with rising temperature, CAFT exhibits a pressure-dependent transition: at low pressures (<0.5 MPa), CAFT increases, whereas at high pressures, it decreases, with 0.5 MPa serving as the critical transition threshold. The coupling effects of initial temperature and pressure on explosion limits are far more pronounced than those of individual factors, with a stronger impact on the UEL than the LEL. The coupling effects caused a 108% increase in the UEL and an 18.05% decrease in the LEL. For individual factors, initial temperature alone led to a 3.8% UEL increase and a 3.41% LEL decrease, while initial pressure alone resulted in a 51.3% UEL increase and 2.44% LEL reduction.-
Key words:
- propylene /
- explosion limits /
- initial temperature /
- initial pressure
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图 2 典型温度和压力条件下单因素对丙烯爆炸极限的影响
Figure 2. Individual effect of single factor on the explosion limits of propylene at typical temperature or pressure
图 3 温度、压力对丙烯爆炸上限的影响
Figure 3. Propylene UEL varied with initial temperature or pressure
图 4 初始温度、压力对丙烯爆炸上限的耦合影响
Figure 4. Propylene UEL curve with initial temperature and pressure
图 5 温度、压力对丙烯爆炸下限的影响
Figure 5. Propylene LEL varied with initial temperature or pressure
图 6 初始温度、压力对丙烯爆炸下限的耦合影响
Figure 6. Propylene LEL curve with initial temperature and pressure
表 1 拟合函数的参数
Table 1. Parameters for fitting function
y x A/% B/% R2 UEL T/℃ 11.86±0.04 (2.5±0.4)×10−3 0.93 UEL p/MPa 10.96±0.34 8.05±0.60 0.98 LEL T/℃ 2.04±0.02 (−3.5±1.26)×10−4 0.72 LEL p/MPa 2.07±0.01 −0.06±0.02 0.75 
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表 2 丙烯180 ℃、不同初始压力下燃烧产物的摩尔分数
Table 2. Mole fraction of propylene combustion products at 180 ℃ under various pressures (%)
产物 0.1 MPa 0.3 MPa 0.5 MPa 0.7 MPa 0.9 MPa Ar 0.579 0.497 0.451 0.415 0.377 CH4 0.542 1.818 3.096 4.348 5.734 CO 19.500 12.289 9.139 7.264 5.848 CO2 2.273 3.018 2.960 2.740 2.387 H2 23.148 23.190 22.724 22.248 22.035 H2O 1.882 3.972 5.133 5.852 6.273 NH3 0.005 0.015 0.024 0.033 0.042 N2 48.248 41.489 37.566 34.590 31.421 C 3.824 13.711 18.906 22.509 25.882
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表 3 丙烯在不同温度、压力下的绝热火焰温度结果
Table 3. Calculated adiabatic flame temperature results of propylene under varying temperature and pressure conditions
环境温度/K 火焰温度/K 0.1 MPa 0.3 MPa 0.5 MPa 0.7 MPa 0.9 MPa 293 1457 1457 1457 1447 1433 333 1465 1465 1465 1440 1431 373 1497 1477 1458 1433 1414 413 1529 1495 1461 1422 1405 453 1552 1474 1425 1415 1392
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