Analysis of explosion resistance of the blast wall with negative Poisson’s ratio Structure
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摘要: 为提升防爆墙的抗爆性能，将负泊松比结构与超高韧性水泥基复合材料（ultra-high toughness cementitious composites, UHTCC）结合，并通过爆炸试验与数值模拟相结合的方法，研究分析负泊松比靶板的抗爆性能，证明UHTCC负泊松比靶板的抗爆性能优越性。首先，利用混凝土3D打印技术实现负泊松比结构建造，并通过靶板接触爆炸试验结果验证有限元模型的可靠性。在此基础上，利用该有限元模型模拟分析了靶板材料、结构、胞元内凹角及实心层厚度占比等因素对接触爆炸下结构破坏形态与能量消耗的影响。结果表明：（1）具有高韧性的UHTCC靶板抗爆性能显著优于混凝土靶板；（2）3种结构中，负泊松比结构板吸能能力最强，实心板更能保持结构的完整性；（3）当负泊松比胞元内凹角为61°时抗爆性能最优，过小或过大均降低结构抗爆性；（4）负泊松比结构厚度占靶板总厚度过大时抗爆性能弱，结构破坏严重，可上下层同时或仅背爆面增加实心层厚度，在有效削弱爆炸冲击波、吸收能量的同时，提高结构完整性。研究验证了负泊松比UHTCC板抗爆性能优越性，并为基于负泊松比结构的防爆墙设计提供了理论依据。
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关键词:
- 负泊松比结构 /
- 超高韧性水泥基复合材料 /
- 爆炸荷载
Abstract: In order to improve the explosion resistance of the blast wall, it is proposed to combine the negative Poisson’s ratio structure with ultra-high toughness cementitious composites (UHTCC), and through a combination of the explosion experiment and numerical simulation, the anti-explosive property of the negative Poisson’s ratio slab has been studied, in order to prove the superiority of the anti-explosive properties of the negative Poisson’s ratio UHTCC slab. Firstly, the construction of a negative Poisson’s ratio structural slab was realized by using concrete 3D printing technology and optimizing the printing path, which verified the constructability of the negative Poisson’s ratio structural slab and the negative Poisson’s slab was subjected to a contact explosion test. Using LS-DYNA software, a finite element model of fluid-solid coupling was established in accordance with the explosion test conditions and the finite element model was verified by comparison of the slab damage pattern of the contact explosion test and the slab damage pattern of the simulation. On this basis, the finite element model which has been verified was used to simulate and analyze the effects of different materials of slabs(concrete and UHTCC), different structures of slabs(negative Poisson’s ratio structure, positive Poisson’s ratio structure and solid structure), different cell concave angles and different solid layer thickness ratios on the anti-explosive properties of the negative Poisson’s structural slab under contact explosion. By comparing the slab damage patterns and the ability of energy absorption which was determined by the value of the air overpressure behind the slabs, the design of a negative Poisson’s ratio structure target plate with the best anti-explosive properties was obtained. The results show that: (1) Due to the high toughness, explosion resistance of UHTCC slabs is significantly better than the concrete slabs.The UHTCC slabs all remained intact and the concrete target slabs are all penetrated. (2) Negative Poisson’s ratio slab has the best ability to absorb energy during three kinds of structures, while the solid slab is more able to maintain the structural integrity. (3) When the negative Poisson’s ratio of the cell concave angle is 61°, the structure has optimal explosion resistance, and smaller and larger angle both reduce the explosion resistance of structure. (4) When the thickness of the negative Poisson’s ratio structure is too large as a proportion of the total thickness, the slab is severely damaged. Increasing the solid layer thickness of the backburst surface of the slab or increasing the solid layer thickness of the explosion-facing surface and the backburst surface at the same time is conducive to weakening of the blast shock wave and improving structural integrity. This study confirmed the superiority of the explosion resistance of negative Poisson’s ratio UHTCC slab, and provides a theoretical basis for the design of blast walls based on negative Poisson’s ratio structure. -
图 5 3D打印混凝土立方体抗压强度值
Figure 5. Cubic compressive strength values of 3D printed concrete
图 6 3D打印混凝土靶板横截面（单位：mm）
Figure 6. Cross-section of 3D printed concrete slab (unit: mm)
图 12 负泊松比结构混凝土靶板的爆炸试验与数值模拟的结果对比
Figure 12. Comparison of the results of test and numerical simulation of concrete slab with negative Poisson’s ratio structure
图 16 混凝土组3种结构靶板迎爆面损伤云图
Figure 16. Damage cloud diagram of explosion-facing surface of concrete group
图 17 UHTCC组3种结构靶板迎爆面损伤云图
Figure 17. Damage cloud diagram of explosion-facing surface of UHTCC group
图 18 靶板背爆面后空气超压演化曲线
Figure 18. Evolution curve of air overpressure behind backburst surface slabs
图 19 U-N靶板与U-P靶板受爆炸冲击时胞元横向扩展位移
Figure 19. Lateral expansion displacement of cell elements in U-N slab and U-P slab under explosion impacts
图 20 爆炸后C-N靶板与U-N靶板胞元形态
Figure 20. Patterns of the cell elements of the group C-N and group U-N after explosion
图 21 负泊松比结构胞元尺寸示意图
Figure 21. Schematic diagram of the cell element of the negative Poisson’s ratio structure
图 22 不同胞元内凹角靶板损伤云图
Figure 22. Damage cloud diagram of slabs with different cell element concave angles
图 23 不同胞元内凹角靶板破坏形态
Figure 23. Damage patterns of slabs with different cell element concave angles
图 24 加厚靶板的截面尺寸示意图（单位：mm）
Figure 24. Schematic cross-section of the thickened slabs (unit: mm)
表 1 靶板材料参数
Table 1. Material parameters of slabs
材料 抗压强度
fc/MPa抗拉强度
ft/MPa弹性模量
E/GPa泊松比 密度ρ/
(kg·m−3)极限拉
应变$ {\varepsilon }_{\mathrm{u}} $UHTCC 35.7 3.2 17.9 0.2 2040 0.03 混凝土 75 4.2 32 0.2 2300 0.0001 
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表 2 数值模拟结果与文献[5]中试验所得靶板爆炸开坑尺寸对比
Table 2. Comparison of the dimensions of the exploded crater of the tests in literature[5] and simulation results
靶体材料 开坑直径/mm 漏斗坑深度/mm 试验结果 模拟结果 误差/% 试验结果 模拟结果 误差/% UHTCC 121 128 5.0 24.6 28 13.8 混凝土 170 175 2.9 80 80 \
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表 3 混凝土与UHTCC靶板数值模拟结果
Table 3. Numerical simulation results of concrete and UHTCC slab
靶板材料 背爆面后超压峰值/kPa 负泊松比结构靶板 正泊松比结构靶板 实心结构靶板 混凝土 21.3 50.3 132.5 UHTCC 0.95 2.79 40.20
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表 4 不同胞元内凹角靶板模拟结果
Table 4. Simulation results of slabs with different cell element concave angles
靶板名 内伸臂长/
mm内凹/(°) 背爆面后超压
峰值/kPa背爆面跨中
挠度峰值/mmU-N-7.5 7.5 72 36.75 110.0 U-N-10 10.0 66 1.30 12.4 U-N 12.5 61 0.98 3.9 U-N-15 15.0 56 4.04 13.4
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表 5 不同截面设计模拟结果
Table 5. Simulation results of different cross-section designs slabs
靶板名 背爆面超压峰值/kPa 破坏形态 背爆面跨中挠度峰值/mm U-N-加厚1 15.43 贯穿 - U-N-加厚2 2.50 相对完整 13.89 U-N-加厚3 3.82 相对完整 5.37 U-N-加厚4 20.28 贯穿 −
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