Penetration efficiency and collateral damage characteristics of powder-type door-breaking projectile reinforced by non-metal inner ribs
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摘要: 在现代反恐作战中经常面对快速突入室内的行动任务，破门弹能够有效毁伤门锁或锁链，确保任务的顺利进行。采用传统的霰弹枪破门弹破门时，钢珠及其产生的碎片可能对周围人员带来附带伤害，提出了一种采用内肋增强的多孔薄壁非金属圆筒结构为支撑载体、填充高密度金属粉末的新型低附带毁伤破门弹，具有内支撑结构的薄壁圆筒可使弹药在发射过程中保持结构稳定性，提升破门弹的侵彻性能，在击穿门锁后金属粉末的动能快速衰减，降低附带毁伤。通过弹道试验和数值仿真研究了新型破门弹侵彻等效钢靶的作用过程和附带毁伤，获得了粉末材料、初始动能和内肋结构对毁伤效果的影响，分析了多孔薄壁圆筒结构填充金属粉末结构破门弹的侵彻吸能机理，结果表明，二阶内肋结构的破门弹所需初始动能较小且附带毁伤不足以对周围人员造成致命伤害。
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关键词:
- 破门弹 /
- 低附带毁伤 /
- 高密度金属粉末 /
- 有限元法-离散元法（FEM-DEM）
Abstract: In modern anti-terrorism operations, rapidly entering the room often requires breaching doors. Door-breaking projectiles can destroy locks or chains to facilitate this. However, traditional shotgun-fired door-breaking projectiles may cause collateral damage with their steel shot and fragments. So, this paper presents a new LCD (low collateral damage) breaking projectile. It uses an internally ribbed porous thin-walled non-metallic cylinder as the carrier and is filled with high-density metal powder. This structure ensures stability during firing, boosting penetration. After breaching, the metal powder quickly loses kinetic energy, reducing collateral damage. Ballistic tests and numerical simulations were done to study the breaching and collateral damage of this new projectile on steel targets. The effects of powder material, initial kinetic energy, and internal ribs were examined. The penetration and energy-absorption mechanisms of the porous cylinder with metal powder were analyzed. Results showed that a 2-order ribbed breaking projectile needs less initial kinetic energy and causes non-lethal collateral damage. This projectile, with its internal support, maintains stability during firing, enhancing penetration. After breaching, the metal powder's kinetic energy rapidly diminishes, lowering collateral damage. The study found that the 2-order ribbed projectile is efficient, needing less initial kinetic energy and causing non-lethal damage.-
Key words:
- door-breaking projectile /
- low collateral damage /
- high density metal powder /
- FEM-DEM
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图 7 临界动能条件下弹丸对靶板的损伤状况
Figure 7. Damage condition of a projectile to a target plate under critical kinetic energy conditions
图 8 弹丸的初始动能与临界动能
Figure 8. Initial kinetic energy and ballistic limit kinetic energy of projectile
图 9 S-1-Fe（6#）弹丸击中目标形成的凹坑
Figure 9. The crater where S-1-Fe (6#) projectile hits a targets
图 11 不同直内肋阶数增强的弹丸完成侵彻后残留的破片
Figure 11. The fragment after the projectile reinforced with different order of straight inner rib has been penetrated
图 12 低附带毁伤弹丸侵彻过程
Figure 12. Penetration process of low collateral damage (LCD) projectile
图 13 低附带毁伤弹丸解体过程
Figure 13. Disintegration process of low collateral damage projectile
图 14 弹丸侵彻的速度云图（Ek =
1000 J，t = 610 μs）Figure 14. Velocity cloud image of particle during projectile penetration (Ek =
1000 J, t = 610 μs)
图 15 钨粉和铁粉的毁伤效果对比
Figure 15. Comparison of penetration effect between tungsten powder and iron powder
图 16 不同金属粉末侵彻靶板的过程
Figure 16. The penetration process of different metal powders into target plates
图 17 不同粒径的钨粉和铁粉对45#钢靶的临界侵彻深度
Figure 17. Critical penetration depth of 45# steel target under different particle sizes of iron and tungsten powders
图 19 不同弹丸的附带毁伤等级和弹道极限动能
Figure 19. Collateral damage rating and ballistic limit kinetic energy of different projectiles
表 1 试验弹主要参数
Table 1. Main parameters of the test projectiles
类型 内肋阶数 填充粉末 平均质量/g S-1-W 1 钨 90.2 S-2-W 2 钨 82.1 S-1-Fe 1 铁 31.2 S-2-Fe 2 铁 27.6 S-3-Fe 3 铁 23.9 S-4-Fe 4 铁 20.5 
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表 2 不同弹丸的试验测试结果
Table 2. Experimental test results for different projectiles
编号 种类 m/g v/(mžs−1) Ek/J h/mm 钢靶状态 松木板状态 1# S-1-W 90.2 182 1493.9 2 穿透 穿透 2# S-2-W 82.1 153 960.9 2 穿透 穿透 3# S-1-Fe 31.2 304 1441.7 2 穿透 未穿透 4# S-1-Fe 31.2 340 1806.4 2 穿透 穿透 5# S-1-Fe 31.2 297 1376.1 2 穿透 未穿透 6# S-1-Fe 31.2 275 1179.8 2 未穿透 未穿透 7# S-1-Fe 31.2 315 1547.9 2 穿透 未穿透 8# S-2-Fe 27.5 270 1002.4 2 穿透 未穿透 9# S-2-Fe 27.6 246 835.1 2 未穿透 未穿透 10# S-2-Fe 27.4 276 1043.6 2 穿透 未穿透 11# S-3-Fe 23.9 291 1101.9 2 穿透 穿透 12# S-3-Fe 23.9 286 977.5 2 穿透 开裂 13# S-4-Fe 20.4 266 721.7 2 穿透 开裂 14# S-4-Fe 20.5 310 985.0 2 穿透 开裂
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表 3 松木板的毁伤等级划分
Table 3. Classification of damage levels for pine board
附带毁伤等级 松木板损伤状况 侵彻深度/mm 1级 松木板被完全贯穿 >20 2级 松木板局部开裂 >10～20 3级 松木板上形成多个凹坑 3～10 4级 粉末嵌入松木板表层 <3
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