入射角与攻角对弹体侵彻混凝土薄靶偏转特性的影响

梁俊宣; 刘闯; 李鹏程; 沈陶然; 张先锋

doi:10.11883/bzycj-2025-0129

入射角与攻角对弹体侵彻混凝土薄靶偏转特性的影响

doi: 10.11883/bzycj-2025-0129

1.
南京理工大学机械工程学院，江苏南京 210094
2.
西南科技大学土木工程与建筑学院，四川绵阳 621000

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金（12202205，U2441209）；中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助（30924010901）

详细信息

作者简介:
梁俊宣（2000－　），男，硕士研究生，19834040698@163.com

通讯作者:
刘　闯（1990－　），男，博士，讲师，chuang.liu@njust.edu.cn

中图分类号: O385
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- 文章访问数: 1014
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2025-04-29
- 修回日期: 2025-07-08
- 网络出版日期: 2025-07-10

Influence of trajectory and pitch angle on the deflection characteristics of projectiles into thin concrete targets

1.
School of Mechanical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, Jiangsu, China
2.
School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Sichuan Mianyang 621000, China

摘要

摘要: 为探究入射角与攻角对弹体侵彻混凝土薄靶偏转特性的影响，基于多层混凝土薄靶侵彻试验数据，通过对比弹体速度、姿态及弹道偏转等参数对数值模拟方法进行了验证。在此基础上，将弹体沿轴向分为6个区段，系统分析了不同入射角（5°～30°）与攻角（−6°～6°）单独及联合作用下弹体各部分的受力特征与整体的运动特性。研究结果表明：侵彻过程中弹身受力方向在不同着靶条件下保持稳定，弹头受力方向反转和弹身向前运动引起偏转力矩方向的变化共同造成了弹体的偏转；正入射角条件下弹道轨迹表现为向上偏转，若带有攻角，当负攻角小于2°且入射角大于20°时，弹道的偏转方向由入射角主导，其余情况则由攻角主导；同方向的入射角与攻角会使弹体的姿态角在出靶后先减小后反向增大；两者方向相反时，较小的攻角会使弹体出靶后姿态角持续增大，此时较大的入射角会使弹体在侵彻过程中经历三次偏转，攻角大于2°则会使弹体出靶后姿态角先减小后反向增大。
- 弹体 /
- 混凝土靶 /
- 侵彻 /
- 偏转特性 /
- 入射角 /
- 攻角
Abstract: To investigate the influence of trajectory angle and pitch angle on the deflection characteristics of a projectile penetrating concrete thin targets, numerical simulation methods were validated by comparing parameters such as projectile velocity, attitude, and trajectory deflection with experimental data from multi-layered concrete thin-target penetration tests. This verification methodology ensured the accuracy and reliability of the numerical model for subsequent parametric studies.Based on this validation, the projectile was divided into six axial segments (the nose section comprising 2 segments and the body section divided into 4 segments) to systematically analyze the force distribution characteristics and overall motion behavior under both individual and combined effects of different trajectory angles (ranging from 5° to 30°) and pitch angles (ranging from −6° to 6°). The results show that the direction of the resultant force acting on the projectile body maintains stability across all tested impact conditions, demonstrating consistent patterns regardless of angle variations.While the reversal of the force direction on the projectile nose and the change in the deflection moment caused by the forward motion of the projectile body jointly contribute to the projectile's deflection. Under a positive trajectory angle, the trajectory exhibits an upward deflection. When a pitch angle is introduced, the deflection direction is dominated by the trajectory angle if the negative pitch angle is less than 2° and the trajectory angle exceeds 20°; otherwise, the pitch angle determines the deflection direction. When the trajectory angle and pitch angle are in the same direction, the projectile's attitude angle first decreases after exiting the target and then reverses to increase. When they are in opposite directions, a small pitch angle causes the attitude angle to continuously increase after exiting the target, while a larger trajectory angle induces three deflection reversals during penetration. If the pitch angle exceeds 2°, the attitude angle initially decreases after exiting the target before reversing to increase.
- projectile /
- concrete targets /
- penetration /
- deflection characteristics /
- trajectory angle /
- pitch angle

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图 1 有限元模型

Figure 1. Finite element model

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图 2 侵彻条件示意图^[9]

Figure 2. Condition of penetration^[9]

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图 3 弹道轨迹对比^[9]

Figure 3. Comparison of ballistic trajectories^[9]

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图 4 弹体分段图

Figure 4. Diagram of projectile segments

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图 5 弹体受力图

Figure 5. Force diagram of the projectile

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图 6 φ=30°时弹体受力

Figure 6. Force on the projectile at φ=30°

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图 7 φ=30°时弹体侵彻过程

Figure 7. Penetration process of the projectile at φ=30°

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图 8 不同入射角下弹体动态特性

Figure 8. Dynamic characteristics of the projectile at different trajectory angles

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图 9 α=−6°时弹体受力

Figure 9. Force on the projectile at α= −6°

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图 10 α=−6°时弹体侵彻过程

Figure 10. Penetration process of the projectile at α= −6°

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图 11 不同攻角下弹体动态特性

Figure 11. Dynamic characteristics of the projectile at different pitch angles

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图 12 α=3°、φ=30°时弹体受力

Figure 12. Force on the projectile at α=3° and φ=30°

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图 13 α=3°、φ=30°时弹体侵彻过程

Figure 13. Penetration process of the projectile at α=3° and φ=30°

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图 14 入射角与攻角方向相同时弹体径向过载与径向速度随时间变化

Figure 14. Radial deceleration and radial velocity of the projectile with the same direction of the trajectory and pitch angle

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图 15 入射角与攻角方向相同时弹体靶后姿态角与角速度

Figure 15. Post-target attitude angle and angular velocity of the projectile with the same direction of the trajectory and pitch angle

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图 16 α= −3°、φ=30°时弹体受力

Figure 16. Force on the projectile at α= −3° and φ=30°

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图 17 α= −3°、φ=30°时弹靶作用过程

Figure 17. Penetration process of the projectile at α= −3° and φ=30°

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图 18 入射角与攻角方向相反时弹体径向过载与径向速度随时间变化

Figure 18. Radial deceleration and radial velocity of the projectile with opposite direction of the trajectory and pitch angle

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图 19 入射角与攻角方向相反时弹体靶后姿态角与角速度

Figure 19. Post-target attitude angle and angular velocity of the projectile with opposite direction of the trajectory and pitch angle

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图 20 不同入射角与攻角下弹体靶后姿态角、角速度与径向速度

Figure 20. Post-target attitude angle,angular velocity and radial velocity of the projectile with different trajectory and pitch angles

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表 1 试验弹体参数^[9]

Table 1. Experimental projectile parameter^[9]

材料	直径/ mm	长度/ mm	弹头曲径比（CRH）	质心与弹尖距离/mm
30CrMnSiNi2A	30	180	4	94

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表 2 弹体材料参数^[24]

Table 2. Projectile material parameters^[24]

密度/(g·cm⁻³)	杨氏模量/GPa	泊松比	屈服强度/MPa	硬化参数
7.85	210	0.3	1314	1

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表 3 靶体材料参数^[27]

Table 3. Target material parameters^[27]

密度/(g·cm⁻³)	剪切模量/GPa	损伤参数D₁	损伤参数D₂	残余应力强度参数
2.4	21.9	0.04	1.0	1.6

压缩屈服比	拉伸屈服比	抗压强度/MPa	失效面指数N	残余应力强度指数
0.53	0.7	40	0.76	0.27

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表 4 模拟与试验结果对比

Table 4. Comparison of simulations and experimental results

靶体编号	剩余速度/(m·s⁻¹)			靶后弹体姿态角/°
靶体编号	试验^[9]	数值模拟	相对误差/%	试验^[9]	数值模拟	绝对误差/(°)
1-1	700	698	−0.29	−5.11	−6.60	1.49
1-2	602	578	−3.99	−12.75	−11.63	−1.12
2-1	624	633	1.44	−1.73	−3.17	1.44
2-2	531	553	4.14	−4.65	−5.07	0.42
3-1	409	429	4.89	−11.81	−9.91	−1.90
3-2	310	340	9.68	−10.99	−11.45	0.46
4-1	428	420	−1.87	−3.36	−5.31	1.95
4-2	263	288	9.51	−5.37	−6.70	1.33
5-1	576	613	6.42	−4.69	−5.65	0.96
5-2	472	516	9.32	−9.46	−9.30	−0.16

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