不同直径钨纤维增强金属玻璃复合材料长杆弹“自锐”行为及侵彻/穿甲性能

任杰; 章浪; 李继承; 邓勇军; 陈小伟; 杜成鑫

doi:10.11883/bzycj-2025-0139

不同直径钨纤维增强金属玻璃复合材料长杆弹“自锐”行为及侵彻/穿甲性能

doi: 10.11883/bzycj-2025-0139

任杰^{1, 2,},
章浪^{1, 2},
李继承^{2, 3, ,},
邓勇军^{1, 2},
陈小伟^{2, 4},
杜成鑫⁵

1.
西南科技大学土木工程与建筑学院，四川绵阳 621010
2.
工程材料与结构冲击振动四川省重点实验室，四川绵阳 621010
3.
中国工程物理研究院总体工程研究所，四川绵阳 621999
4.
北京理工大学前沿交叉研究院，北京 100081
5.
南京理工大学机械工程学院，南京 210094

基金项目: 四川省自然科学基金杰出青年科学基金项目（2023NSFSC1913），国家国防科技工业局科研专项项目（KJSP2023020304）；

详细信息

作者简介:
任　杰（1998－　），男，学士，研究生，2501853799@qq.com

通讯作者:
李继承（1984－　），男，博士，研究员，lijc401@caep.cn

中图分类号: O385
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2025-05-12
- 修回日期: 2025-09-01
- 网络出版日期: 2025-09-01

‘Self-sharpening’ behavior and penetration/perforation property of tungsten fiber/metallic glass composite long rods with different fiber diameters

REN Jie^{1, 2
,},
ZHANG Lang^{1, 2},
LI Jicheng^{2, 3
, ,},
DENG Yongjun^{1, 2},
CHEN Xiaowei^{2, 4},
DU Chengxin⁵

1.
School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010 , Sichuan, China
2.
Shock and Vibration of Engineering Materials and Structures Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Mianyang 621010, Sichuan, China
3.
Institute of Systems Engineering, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang 621999, Sichuan, China
4.
Advanced Research Institute of Multidisciplinary Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
5.
School of Mechanical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, Jiangsu, China

摘要

摘要: 为对比不同直径钨纤维增强金属玻璃复合材料长杆弹的侵彻/穿甲“自锐”行为以及相应弹道性能的异同，综合侵彻/穿甲试验结果和细观有限元模拟，系统开展了不同长杆弹在侵彻/穿甲钢靶过程中的弹靶变形和破坏特性研究，并详细分析长杆弹在不同撞击速度下变形和破坏模式的转变。分析表明：由于不同直径钨纤维在抗弯曲、抗剪切等方面性能的差异，相应复合材料弹体在侵彻过程中表现出不同的破坏特征，从而影响其侵彻/穿甲性能。撞击速度对弹体的变形和破坏模式及其侵彻/穿甲性能也具有显著影响：速度较低时，在钨纤维直径较小情形下，弹体头部纤维在侵彻过程中表现出屈曲失稳现象且逐渐分散，使得弹头发生一定程度钝粗，并导致侵彻阻力增加和侵彻性能下降；随撞击速度增大，在纤维直径较小情形下弹体外侧纤维发生回流，而直径较大时纤维则主要发生剪切破坏，使得弹头进一步锐化并导致侵彻/穿甲性能提升；当撞击速度和钨纤维直径达到某一上限阈值时，弹体头部“边缘层”厚度急剧减小，“自锐”性能有所弱化，侵彻/穿甲能力再次降低。相关研究有助于预测不同直径钨纤维增强的金属玻璃复合材料长杆弹在不同撞击速度条件下的侵彻/穿甲性能，以及优化弹体结构设计和撞击速度等。
- 金属玻璃复合材料长杆弹 /
- 侵彻/穿甲 /
- 自锐 /
- 纤维直径 /
- 破坏模式 /
- 有限元模拟
Abstract: In order to compare the similarities and differences among the ‘self-sharpening’ behavior as well as the corresponding ballistic performance of tungsten fiber / metallic glass matrix (WF/MG) composite long rods with different fiber diameters, the deformation and failure characteristics of various WF/MG composite long rods were investigated systematically integrated with related penetrating test results and mesoscopic finite element (FE) simulation analysis, in which the two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) meso-scale FE geometric models of WF/MG composite long rod were established according to the actual distribution characteristics of metallic glass matrix and tungsten fibers, and a coupled ‘thermo-mechanical-free volume’ constitutive model was applied to characterize the high shear sensitivity as well as high strength of metallic glass matrix. Moreover, the transformation of deformation and failure modes of projectiles under different impact velocities was analyzed in detail. Related analysis demonstrated that due to the differences in the mechanical properties among the tungsten fibers with different diameters, i.e., bending resistance and shear resistance, etc., the corresponding composite long rods exhibit different failure characteristics during the penetration process, and it further affects their penetration / perforation performance. The impact velocity also plays an important role on the deformation and failure modes of composite long rods and the corresponding penetration / perforation performance: when the impact velocity is relatively low, the fibers in the nose of composite rod projectile exhibits unstable buckling phenomenon and gradually disperse during the penetration process, which makes the projectile nose blunt at a certain extent, and induces the increase in the penetration resistance and decrease in the penetration performance; along with the impact velocity increases, in the case that the fiber diameter is small, the fibers on the outer side of projectile nose refluxes back, and when the fiber diameter is large, the fibers mainly behave as shear failure, and it further strengthen the ‘self-sharpening’ behavior as well as the penetration performance of projectile; when the impact velocity and fiber diameter reach a certain upper threshold values, The thickness of ‘edge layer’ in the rod nose is sharply reduced, and thus the ‘self-sharpening’ performance is weakened, and the penetration capability of projectile is decayed again. Related research is beneficial to predicting the penetration / perforation performance of WF/MG composite long rods with different fiber diameters under different impact velocities, and optimizing the structural design of projectile as well as the impact velocity, etc.
- tungsten fiber/metallic glass composite long rods /
- penetration / perforation /
- self-sharpening /
- fiber diameter /
- failure mode /
- finite element simulation

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图 1 长杆弹初始形貌^[30]

Figure 1. Initial composite long rod ^[30]

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图 2 复合材料弹体横截面SEM图像^[30]

Figure 2. SEM images of cross-section of WF/MG composite long rod ^[30]

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图 3 复合材料长杆弹侵彻钢靶轴对称有限元模型示意图

Figure 3. Sketch of axial symmetrical finite element geometrical model for composite long rod impacting on to steel target

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图 4 弹体二维有限元几何模型

Figure 4. 2D geometrical model of composite long rod

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图 5 弹体三维有限元几何模型及横截面网格划分

Figure 5. 3D geometrical model of composite long rod and meshes in transverse cross section

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图 6 复合材料弹体侵彻钢靶后弹靶破坏形貌

Figure 6. Failure morphologies after penetration of composite rods into steel target

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图 7 复合材料弹体侵钢靶残余弹体形貌

Figure 7. Residual composite projectiles with different fiber diameters after the penetration into steel targets

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图 8 复合材料长杆弹以$ {v}_{0} $=800 m/s侵彻钢靶历程

Figure 8. Penetration process of the composite long rods into steel target at $ {v}_{0} $=800 m/s

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图 9 复合材料弹体以$ {v}_{0} $=800 m/s侵彻过程中的头形演化历程

Figure 9. Nose shape evolution of the composite long rods during the penetration at $ {v}_{0} $=800 m/s

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图 10 复合材料长杆弹以$ {v}_{0} $=1600 m/s侵彻钢靶历程

Figure 10. Penetration process of the composite long rods into steel target at $ {v}_{0} $=1600 m/s

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图 11 复合材料弹体以$ {v}_{0} $=1600 m/s侵彻过程中的头形演化历程

Figure 11. Nose shape evolution of the composite long rods during the penetration at $ {v}_{0} $=1600 m/s

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图 12 复合材料弹体侵彻钢靶过程中的关键点应力变化曲线

Figure 12. Stress evolution curves in the key points of the composite long rods during the penetration into steel target

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图 13 复合材料弹体侵彻靶板过程中的弹体形貌

Figure 13. The morphology of the composite rods penetrating the target

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图 14 不同钨纤维直径复合材料弹体头形因子随时间变化历程

Figure 14. Variation characteristics of nose shape factor in the composite rods with different fiber diameters

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图 15 复合材料弹体侵彻靶板弹靶应变演化历程

Figure 15. Evolutions of effective strain within the projectile and target materials during the penetration process of composite rods into steel target

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图 16 复合材料弹体弹头区域应变分布形貌

Figure 16. Distribution of effective strain in the nose of composite rods

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表 1 锆基金属玻璃本构模型参数^{[7, 8]}

Table 1. Parameters of constitutive model for Zr-based metallic glass ^{[7, 8]}

E/Gpa	ρ/(kg·m⁻³)	ν	C_v/J/(kg·K)	v^*/10⁻³⁰ m³	ξ_c	ξ₀	T_g/(K)
96	6125	0.36	400	20	134	0.05	625

T₀/(K)	Ω/10⁻³⁰ m³	f/s⁻¹	ΔG^m/eV	α	n_D	Λ
300	25	1×10¹³	ΔG^m ($ \dot{\varepsilon } $)	0.05	3	Λ_C=0.05 Λ_T=0.35

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表 2 金属材料本构模型参数^[36-38]

Table 2. Constitutive model parameters for metallic materials^[36-38]

材料	E/GPa	ρ/(kg·m⁻³)	ν	T_r/K	T_m/K	C_v/(J·kg⁻¹·k⁻¹)	$ {\dot{\varepsilon }}_{0} $/s⁻¹
95W钨合金	410	17900	0.28	300	1752	134	1
30CrMnMo钢	200	7850	0.29	300	1793	477	1

材料	A/MPa	B/MPa	C	m	n	D₁	D₂
95W钨合金	1650	450	0.016	1.00	0.12	3.00	0
30CrMnMo钢	1200	310	0.014	1.03	0.26	3.20	0

材料	D₃	D₄	D₅	c₀/(m·s⁻¹)	S₁	γ₀	a
95W钨合金	0	0	0	3850	1.44	1.58	0
30CrMnMo钢	0	0	0	4578	1.38	1.67	0.47

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表 3 穿甲试验及相应数值模拟结果

Table 3. Penetrating test and the corresponding simulation results

d/mm	v₀/( m·s⁻¹)	试验侵彻深度/mm	模拟侵彻深度/mm
d/mm	v₀/( m·s⁻¹)	试验侵彻深度/mm	二维	三维
0.3	1 560	60	60.14	63.09
0.5	1435	52	52.87	51.50
0.7	1475	54	54.84	51.10
1.0	1480	52	55.22	52.74

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