The influence of fuel concentration on the explosion dynamics characteristics of hydrogen/air premixed gas in confined spaces
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摘要: 氢能作为一种零碳能源，凭借其高能量密度和零碳排放的特性，在国防关键系统中具有广阔的应用前景。为提高能源的利用效率并保障安全，采用试验与数值模拟相结合的方法，系统研究了受限空间内氢气浓度对爆炸动力学特性的影响；在圆柱形容器中进行试验，使用压力传感器和高速摄像机记录爆炸过程中的压力变化和火焰传播规律；同时，结合CFD数值模拟技术，采用包含19步反应的氢气/空气详细化学反应机理，准确捕捉了预混气体爆炸过程中气流速度的时空演化过程。结果表明：最大爆炸压力出现在氢气体积分数为30%时，峰值达到0.623 94 MPa；火焰面积峰值在氢气体积分数为30%和45%工况下最大，相比体积分数为15%和60%时分别提高了14.6%和6.3%，其中，氢气体积分数为30%时，火焰面积在8.2 ms时最快达到峰值。此外，在圆柱侧壁与端壁交界区域，由于几何约束导致未燃氢气积聚，造成局部密度和压力升高，在流场中形成4个明显的高速区。在9 ms时，流场中心线上的气流速度呈对称分布，且单侧出现双峰值结构。在氢气体积分数为45%工况下，初期气流速度因局部热释放较强而呈现瞬态速度优势；而氢气体积分数为30%时，凭借其持续稳定的燃烧过程，气流在后期实现速度反超，体现出近化学计量比条件下的高效燃烧稳定性，为高效氢气燃烧系统的设计与性能提升提供了科学依据。Abstract: Hydrogen energy, as a zero-carbon energy source, holds broad application prospects in critical defense systems because of its high energy density and zero carbon emissions. To enhance energy utilization efficiency and ensure operational safety, an integrated approach combining experimental and numerical simulations was adopted to systematically examine the effects of hydrogen concentration on explosion dynamics in a confined space. Experiments were carried out in a cylindrical chamber equipped with high-frequency pressure sensors and a high-speed camera to record transient overpressure and track flame propagation behavior. Complementing the experimental setup, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations were implemented using a detailed 19-step hydrogen/air chemical reaction mechanism to accurately reproduce the spatiotemporal evolution of flow field velocity during the premixed gas explosion process. Results indicate that the maximum explosion pressure occurred at a hydrogen volume fraction of 30%, peaking at 0.623 94 MPa. The peak flame area was largest at both 30% and 45%, exceeding results at 15% and 60% by 14.6% and 6.3%, respectively. The 30 % condition also achieved the peak flame area in the shortest time, at 8.2 ms. Furthermore, geometric constraints at the junction of the cylindrical sidewall and the endwall led to accumulation of unburned hydrogen, causing localized increases in density and pressure and resulting in four clearly discernible high-velocity regions within the flow field. At 9 ms, the flow velocity profile along the centerline exhibited symmetry with a dual-peak structure appearing unilaterally. While the 45% condition showed an early transient velocity advantage due to intensified local heat release, the 30% condition demonstrated superior late-stage velocity recovery owing to more stable and sustained combustion near the stoichiometric ratio. These findings underscore the high combustion efficiency and stability achievable near stoichiometric conditions, providing a scientific foundation for the design and optimization of high-efficiency hydrogen combustion systems..
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Key words:
- confined spaces /
- hydrogen /
- fuel concentration /
- flow velocity
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图 1 氢能在国防工业相关领域中的应用
Figure 1. Hydrogen energy in fields related to the defense industry
图 5 氢气体积分数为45%时A1与A2监测点测得的压力曲线
Figure 5. Pressure curves measured at monitoring points A1 and A2 when the volume fraction of hydrogen is 45%
图 6 理论最大爆炸压力与实际最大爆炸压力（A2）
Figure 6. Theoretical maximum explosion pressure compared to actual maximum explosion pressure (A2)
图 7 氢气体积分数为30%和60%时爆炸压力以及压力上升速率曲线
Figure 7. Explosive pressure and pressure rise rate curves for when the volume fraction of hydrogen is 30% and 60%
图 8 受限空间内氢气体积分数为45 vol.%时火焰传播图像
Figure 8. Flame propagation images in a confined space when the volume fraction of hydrogen is 45%
图 9 氢气体积分数为30 vol.%时火焰传播面积曲线
Figure 9. Flame propagation area curve when the volume fraction of hydrogen is 30%
图 10 不同氢气体积分数下火焰传播面积特性参数
Figure 10. Characteristic parameters of flame propagation area at different volume fractions of hydrogen
图 11 氢气体积分数为30%时容器中的速度场分布
Figure 11. Velocity field distribution in the vessel when the volume fractions of hydrogen is 30%
图 12 氢气体积分数为30%时的流场分布
Figure 12. Flow field distribution when the volume fractions of hydrogen is 30%
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