空心炸药爆炸加载下单双层金属柱壳的膨胀断裂行为

张世文; 陈艳; 金山; 但加坤; 刘明涛; 汤铁钢

doi:10.11883/bzycj-2025-0177

空心炸药爆炸加载下单双层金属柱壳的膨胀断裂行为

doi: 10.11883/bzycj-2025-0177

张世文^1,,
陈艳^1, ,,
金山¹,
但加坤^1, ,,
刘明涛¹,
汤铁钢¹

1.
中国工程物理研究院流体物理研究所，四川绵阳 621999

基金项目: 中国工程物理研究院院长基金自强项目（YZJJZQ2024001）；国家自然科学基金重点项目（No.11932018）

详细信息

作者简介:
张世文（1971－　），男，博士，副研究员，zhangswxueshu@163.com

通讯作者:
陈　艳（1993－　），女，硕士，助理研究员，1028702777@qq.com

但加坤（1984－　），男，博士，副研究员，eprbell@163.com

中图分类号: O346.1; O383
计量
- 文章访问数: 285
- HTML全文浏览量: 35
- PDF下载量: 63
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2025-06-16
- 修回日期: 2026-04-09
- 网络出版日期: 2026-04-20

Expanding Fracture Behavior of Single- and Double-Layered Metallic Cylindrical Shells Subjected to the Detonation of Hollow Explosives

ZHANG Shiwen^1
,,
CHEN Yan^{1
, ,},
JIN Shan¹,
DAN Jiakun^{1
, ,},
LIU Mingtao¹,
TANG Tiegang¹

1.
Institute of Fluid Physics, CAEP , Mianyang, Sichuan, 621999, China

摘要

摘要: 采用多普勒光纤探针测速技术（DPS，Doppler pins system）阵列和高速摄影技术，研究空心炸药爆轰加载下，单、双层金属柱壳（双层总厚度等于单层厚度）的膨胀断裂行为，获得了单、双层柱壳外表面的速度曲线和高速摄影图像。测速曲线结果表明：单层柱壳靠近外表面约2/5处产生层裂，单层柱壳剩余残片经过约1.89 μs后迅速追上层裂柱壳并产生二次冲击加载；双层柱壳的内、外层柱壳之间因无法承受拉应力而迅速分离，外层柱壳沿径向膨胀，内层柱壳则继续受爆轰加载，26.13 μs后，内层柱壳追上外层柱壳并进行二次冲击加载。单、双层柱壳膨胀实验中的二次加载时间差异显著，表明二者柱壳的膨胀断裂过程存在差异：双层柱壳的过早分离阻碍了裂纹从内至外的贯通过程，延缓了柱壳整体的裂纹扩张及完全断裂行为的产生。与传统的单层柱壳断裂现象明显不同，双层柱壳的外层膨胀断裂时，其爆轰产物泄漏时间晚、破片尺寸明显小于单层柱壳破裂尺寸，溢出的爆轰产物较少且分布较为分散，外层柱壳整体裂纹清晰可见。采用SPH（smoothed particle hydrodynamics）方法进行数值模拟分析，结果表明：在一定条件下，单层柱壳的层裂强度越低，二次加载时剩余残片追上层裂片的时间越晚，越不容易发生贯穿性断裂，双层柱壳界面的间隙阻挡裂纹贯穿性发展的效果显著。
- 冲击动力学 /
- DPS阵列 /
- 高速摄影 /
- 断裂模式 /
- 双层柱壳 /
- SPH
Abstract: The detonation-driven expansion and fracture behavior of single-layered and double-layered metallic cylindrical shells (with equal total thickness) were investigated via the DPS (Doppler pins system) array and high-speed photography. The velocity curves and high-speed photography images of the outer surface of the single- and double-layered cylindrical shells were obtained. The velocity curves show that spallation occurs at approximately 40% of the thickness from the outer surface in the single-layered cylindrical shell. In addition, the spallation part was caught up after ~1.89 μs by the fragments of the single-layered cylindrical shell, leading to the secondary impact loading. In the case of double-layered cylindrical shell, the inner and outer shells of the double-layered cylindrical shell separated quickly since they cannot withstand the tensile stress. The outer cylindrical shell expands freely with high velocity at initial stage. It is then caught up by the inner cylindrical shell after 26.13μs, leading to the secondary impact loading. There is a significant difference in secondary impact loading times the single- and double-layered shell expansion experiments. The premature separation of the double-layered cylindrical shell hinders the crack penetration from the inside to the outside, and delays the crack penetration until the complete fracture of the whole cylindrical shell. In contrast to the widely investigated fracture behavior in a single-layered cylindrical shell, the detonation product leakage time is delayed when the outer layer of the double-layered cylindrical shell expands. The fragment size of a double-layered shell is obviously smaller than that of a single-layered shell. The distribution of the overflowing detonation product is relatively scattered and rare, and the overall crack of the outer cylindrical shell is clearly visible. The results of SPH (smoothed particle hydrodynamics) numerical simulations demonstrate that under certain conditions, the lower the spallation strength in single-layer cylindrical shells, the later the residual fragments catch up with the spalled layer during secondary loading, the less likely the occurrence of penetration fracture. Meanwhile, the interfacial gaps in double-layered cylindrical shells significantly inhibit the penetration and propagation of cracks.
- Impact dynamics /
- DPS array /
- High-speed photography /
- Expansion fracture /
- Double-layered shell /
- SPH

HTML全文

图 1 柱壳实验装置及测点布局

Figure 1. Experiment device and measuring point layout of cylindrical shell

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 2 高速摄影及DPS阵列速度测量布局

Figure 2. Layout of high-speed photography and DPS array velocity measurement

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 3 空心炸药驱动柱壳计算模型

Figure 3. Calculation model of cylindrical shell driving by hollow explosive

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 4 不同类型DPS阵列单、双层柱壳测速结果

Figure 4. Velocity measurement results of single- and double-layer cylindrical shells with different type DPS array

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 5 单双层柱壳测速曲线实验和计算比较

Figure 5. Comparison of experimental and calculated velocity curves of single- and double-layer cylindrical shells

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 6 单、双层柱壳在起爆15 μs时冲击波波阵面及层裂演化比较

Figure 6. Comparison of shockwave front and spallation evolution of single- or double-layer cylindrical shells at 15 μs of detonation

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 7 单、双层柱壳的膨胀形态

Figure 7. Expansion pattern of single- and double-layer cylindrical shell

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 8 单双层柱壳在起爆35 μs后的飞行姿态

Figure 8. Flight attitude of single- and double-layer cylindrical shells at 35 μs after detonation

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 9 单、双层柱壳裂纹扩展对破片尺寸的影响

Figure 9. Effect of crack propagation on fragment size of single- and double-layer cylindrical shells

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 10 单、双层柱壳不同轴向位置的径向速度计算结果

Figure 10. Calculation results of radial velocities of single- and double-layer cylindrical shells at different axial positions

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 11 起爆25 μs后不同物质空间分布情况

Figure 11. Spatial distribution of different substances after 25 μs of detonation

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 12 单层柱壳不同层裂强度下不同位置径向速度的计算曲线

Figure 12. Calculation curves of radial velocity of single-layer cylindrical shells at different positions under different spall strength

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

参考文献(22)

[1]	HIROE T, FUJIWARA K, HATA H, et al. Explosively driven expansion and fragmentation behavior for cylinders, spheres and rings of 304 stainless steel [J]. Materials Science Forum, 2010, 638/639/640/641/642: 1035–1040. DOI: 10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.638-642.1035.
[2]	HIROE T, FUJIWARA K, HATA H, et al. Deformation and fragmentation behaviour of exploded metal cylinders and the effects of wall materials, configuration, explosive energy and initiated locations [J]. International Journal of Impact Engineering, 2008, 35(12): 1578–1586. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2008.07.002.
[3]	禹富有, 董新龙, 俞鑫炉, 等. 不同填塞装药下金属柱壳断裂特性的实验研究 [J]. 兵工学报, 2019, 40(7): 1418–1424. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2019.07.011. YU F Y, DONG X L, YU X L, et al. Fracture characteristics of metal cylinder shells with different charges [J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2019, 40(7): 1418–1424. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2019.07.011.
[4]	汤铁钢, 李庆忠, 孙学林, 等. 45钢柱壳膨胀断裂的应变率效应 [J]. 爆炸与冲击, 2006, 26(2): 129–133. DOI: 10.11883/1001-1455(2006)02-0129-05. TANG T G, LI Q Z, SUN X L, et al. Strain-rate effects of expanding fracture of 45 steel cylinder shells driven by detonation [J]. Explosion and Shock Waves, 2006, 26(2): 129–133. DOI: 10.11883/1001-1455(2006)02-0129-05.
[5]	胡八一, 董庆东, 韩长生, 等. TC4钛合金自然破片的引燃机理分析 [J]. 爆炸与冲击, 1995, 15(3): 254–258. DOI: 10.11883/1001-1455(1995)03-0254-5. HU B Y, DONG Q D, HAN C S, et al. Analysis of the firing mechanics for Ti-6Al-4V natural fragments [J]. Explosion and Shock Waves, 1995, 15(3): 254–258. DOI: 10.11883/1001-1455(1995)03-0254-5.
[6]	张世文, 金山, 刘仓理. 含缺陷厚壁圆管爆轰膨胀断裂的数值模拟 [J]. 应用力学学报, 2010, 27(3): 622–625. ZHANG S W, JIN S, LIU C L. Simulation of the dynamic expanding process of thick-walled cylinder with defects [J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Mechanics, 2010, 27(3): 622–625.
[7]	金山, 张世文, 龙建华. 缺陷对圆管膨胀断裂影响的实验研究 [J]. 高压物理学报, 2011, 25(2): 188–192. DOI: 10.11858/gywlxb.2011.02.017. JIN S, ZHANG S W, LONG J H. Experimental study on the influences of defects on expanding fracture of a metal cylinder [J]. Chinese Journal of High Pressure Physics, 2011, 25(2): 188–192. DOI: 10.11858/gywlxb.2011.02.017.
[8]	吴思思, 董新龙, 俞鑫炉. 45钢柱壳爆炸膨胀断裂的SPH模拟分析 [J]. 爆炸与冲击, 2021, 41(10): 103101. DOI: 10.11883/bzycj-2021-0172. WU S S, DONG X L, YU X L. An investigating on explosive expanding fracture of 45 steel cylinders by SPH method [J]. Explosion and Shock Waves, 2021, 41(10): 103101. DOI: 10.11883/bzycj-2021-0172.
[9]	李树奎, 杨卓越, 王富耻, 等. 爆破圆管管壁内分界面形成规律初探 [J]. 兵器材料科学与工程, 2002, 25(4): 28–32. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-244X.2002.04.008. LI S K, YANG Z Y, WANG F C, et al. Study on formation of interfaces in wall of exploded cylinder [J]. Ordnance Material Science and Engineering, 2002, 25(4): 28–32. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-244X.2002.04.008.
[10]	Yin Z Y, CHEN X W. Typical fracture modes of metal cylindrical shells under internal explosive loading [J]. International Journal of Impact Engineering, 2024, 183: 104803. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2023.104803.
[11]	徐皇兵. 外爆加载下分层金属管膨胀破裂过程研究 [D]. 绵阳: 中国工程物理研究院, 2004: 12–19. XU H B. Research of the dynamic fracture of the layered metal cylinders under inside-explosive loading [D]. Mianyang: China Academy of Engineering Physics, 2004: 12–19.
[12]	汤铁钢, 谷岩, 李庆忠, 等. 爆轰加载下金属柱壳膨胀破裂过程研究 [J]. 爆炸与冲击, 2003, 23(6): 529–533. DOI: 10.11883/1001-1455(2003)06-0529-5. TANG T G, GU Y, LI Q Z, et al. Expanding fracture of steel cylinder shell by detonation driving [J]. Explosion and Shock Waves, 2003, 23(6): 529–533. DOI: 10.11883/1001-1455(2003)06-0529-5.
[13]	潘顺吉, 俞鑫炉, 董新龙. 不同载荷下TA2钛合金柱壳爆炸碎裂的实验研究 [J]. 高压物理学报, 2017, 31(4): 382–388. DOI: 10.11858/gywlxb.2017.04.005. PAN S J, YU X L, DONG X L. Experimental study of fragmentation behavior of exploded TA2 alloy cylinders with varied charge [J]. Chinese Journal of High Pressure Physics, 2017, 31(4): 382–388. DOI: 10.11858/gywlxb.2017.04.005.
[14]	金山, 汤铁钢, 李庆忠, 等. 铍青铜柱壳膨胀断裂研究 [J]. 高压物理学报, 2006, 20(4): 434–438. DOI: 10.11858/gywlxb.2006.04.016. JIN S, TANG T G, LI Q Z, et al. Expanding fracture of beryllium bronze cylinder shell [J]. Chinese Journal of High Pressure Physics, 2006, 20(4): 434–438. DOI: 10.11858/gywlxb.2006.04.016.
[15]	金山, 汤铁钢, 孙学林, 等. 不同热处理条件下45钢柱壳的动态性能 [J]. 爆炸与冲击, 2006, 26(5): 423–428. DOI: 10.11883/1001-1455(2006)05-0423-06. JIN S, TANG T G, SUN X L, et al. Dynamic characteristics of 45 steel cylinder shell by different heat treatment conditions [J]. Explosion and Shock Waves, 2006, 26(5): 423–428. DOI: 10.11883/1001-1455(2006)05-0423-06.
[16]	金山, 刘欣, 袁帅, 等. 爆轰加载下柱壳断裂时刻微小差异测量方法 [J]. 爆炸与冲击, 2015, 35(1): 130–134. DOI: 10.11883/1001-1455(2015)01-0130-05. JIN S, LIU X, YUAN S, et al. Method for calculating small difference of fracture time of cylinder shell unloaded by detonation [J]. Explosion and Shock Waves, 2015, 35(1): 130–134. DOI: 10.11883/1001-1455(2015)01-0130-05.
[17]	王新颖, 王树山, 卢熹. 非标准圆筒装药爆轰驱动的试验研究 [J]. 兵工学报, 2019, 40(5): 897–903. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2019.05.001. WANG X Y, WANG S S, LU X. Experimental study of the expansion of non-standard metal cylinders by detonation [J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2019, 40(5): 897–903. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2019.05.001.
[18]	任国武, 郭昭亮, 汤铁钢, 等. 高应变率加载下金属柱壳断裂的实验研究 [J]. 兵工学报, 2016, 37(1): 77–82. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2016.01.012. REN G W, GUO Z L, TANG T G, et al. Experimental research on fracture of metal case under loading at high strain rate [J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2016, 37(1): 77–82. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2016.01.012.
[19]	张世文, 金山, 陈艳, 等. 爆炸加载下装配垫片对金属柱壳膨胀断裂影响研究 [J]. 爆炸与冲击, 2022, 42(8): 083102. DOI: 10.11883/bzycj-2021-0456. ZHANG S W, JIN S, CHEN Y, et al. Influence of a cushion on dynamic expansion and fracture of an explosively-driven metallic cylinder [J]. Explosion and Shock Waves, 2022, 42(8): 083102. DOI: 10.11883/bzycj-2021-0456.
[20]	贺年丰, 任国武, 陈永涛, 等. 爆轰加载下金属锡层裂破碎数值模拟 [J]. 爆炸与冲击, 2019, 39(4): 042101. DOI: 10.11883/bzycj-2017-0354. HE N F, REN G W, CHEN Y T, et al. Numerical simulation on spallation and fragmentation of tin under explosive loading [J]. Explosion and Shock Waves, 2019, 39(4): 042101. DOI: 10.11883/bzycj-2017-0354.
[21]	张世文, 华劲松, 刘仓理, 等. 金属圆管内爆轰波相互作用效应的数值模拟研究 [J]. 爆炸与冲击, 2004, 24(3): 219–225. DOI: 10.11883/1001-1455(2004)03-0219-7. ZHANG S W, HUA J S, LIU C L, et al. A numerical simulation of the metallic tube expansion induced by inside head-on hitting two detonation waves [J]. Explosion and Shock Waves, 2004, 24(3): 219–225. DOI: 10.11883/1001-1455(2004)03-0219-7.
[22]	REN G W, GUO Z L, FAN C, et al. Dynamic shear fracture of an explosively-driven metal cylindrical shell [J]. International Journal of Impact Engineering, 2016, 95: 35–39. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2016.04.012.