不同外壳材料对高能产气剂孔壁压力的影响

王雁冰; 卢想

doi:10.11883/bzycj-2025-0219

不同外壳材料对高能产气剂孔壁压力的影响

doi: 10.11883/bzycj-2025-0219

王雁冰,
卢想

中国矿业大学（北京）力学与土木工程学院，北京 100083

基金项目: 中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金（2025JCCXLJ01）

详细信息

作者简介:
王雁冰（1987－　），博士，男，副教授，博士生导师，ceowyb818@163.com

中图分类号: O389; TD82
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- 文章访问数: 308
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2025-07-16
- 修回日期: 2025-08-29
- 网络出版日期: 2025-09-01

Influence of different casing materials on borehole wall pressure of high-energy gas-generating agents

School of Mechanics and Civil Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China

摘要

摘要: 深部煤岩爆破风险高、水力压裂受限，亟需可控破岩技术。高能产气剂作为一种先进高能气体压裂技术，以其卓越性能在破岩领域展现出显著优势，为煤炭高效安全开采提供了有力技术支撑。试验以高能产气剂外壳材料为突破口，研究不同外壳材料对煤岩破岩孔壁压力的影响，构建了全过程压力监测系统，选用PVC（polyvinyl chloride）透明、PVC白色和牛皮纸管3种外壳材料，进行孔壁压力试验，以衰减指数和可信度最为评价指标，对比得到材料物理性质对孔壁压力的影响。结果表明，启动剂点火后产生应力波和少量气体，应力波到达第1个峰值后，气体扩散致压力下降，应力波反射与气体膨胀波叠加形成第2个峰值，气体膨胀变化形成第3个峰值。因无主药剂，启动剂组压力峰值最小，升压时间最短，加载率最低，能量释放少，传递效率低。含主药剂的3组试验在距离高能产气剂 10 cm处达到压力峰值，约为200 MPa，升压时间控制在 20 ms附近。3组不同外壳材料的压力峰值衰减系数从大到小依次为：PVC透明外壳材料、PVC白色外壳材料、牛皮纸管。升压时间衰减系数从大到小依次为：PVC透明外壳材料、牛皮纸管、PVC白色外壳材料。加载率衰减系数从大到小依次为：PVC白色外壳材料、PVC透明外壳材料、牛皮纸管。PVC白色外壳材料因高弹性模量和低泊松比，在靠近高能产气剂位置的压力峰值、升压时间和加载率方面表现最佳，能量传递效率最高。PVC透明外壳材料在靠近高能产气剂位置的压力峰值和加载率高于纸管，但在远距离处低于纸管，表现出较强的方向性和集中性。纸管外壳材料能量分布均匀，但整体能量集中能力弱，升压时间和加载率均最低。研究结果为优化高能产气剂设计、提高破岩效果提供了理论依据。
- 孔壁压力 /
- 外壳材料 /
- 高能气体 /
- 破岩效果
Abstract: Deep coal rock blasting poses high risks, and hydraulic fracturing faces limitations, necessitating the development of controllable rock-breaking technologies. As an advanced high-energy gas fracturing technique, high-energy gas-generating agents demonstrate remarkable advantages in rock fragmentation, providing robust technical support for efficient and safe coal mining. This study focuses on the casing materials of high-energy gas-generating agents, investigating their impact on borehole wall pressure during coal rock fracturing. A comprehensive pressure monitoring system was established, employing three casing materials—transparent PVC, white PVC, and kraft paper tubes—for borehole wall pressure experiments. Attenuation indices and reliability were selected as evaluation metrics to analyze the influence of material physical properties on borehole wall pressure. Results indicate that the initiator, upon ignition, generates stress waves and a small amount of gas. The stress wave induces the first pressure peak, followed by a decline due to gas diffusion. The superposition of reflected stress waves and gas expansion waves forms the second peak, while gas expansion variations produce the third peak. Without the main agent, the initiator group exhibits the lowest pressure peak, shortest pressure rise time, minimal loading rate, limited energy release, and low transmission efficiency. For the three groups containing the main agent, pressure peaks near the high-energy gas-generating agent (10 cm away) approximate 200 MPa, with pressure rise times around 20 ms. The attenuation coefficients of pressure peaks for the three casing materials from the biggest to the smallest follow the order: transparent PVC, white PVC, and kraft paper tube. The attenuation coefficients of pressure rise times from the biggest to the smallest rank as: transparent PVC, kraft paper tube, and white PVC. For loading rate attenuation coefficients, the sequence from the biggest to the smallest is: white PVC, transparent PVC, and kraft paper tube. Because of its high elastic modulus and low Poisson’s ratio, white PVC casing demonstrates optimal performance in pressure peak, rise time, and loading rate near the high-energy gas-generating agent, achieving the highest energy transmission efficiency. Transparent PVC casing exhibits higher pressure peaks and loading rates than the paper tube near the agent but underperforms at longer distances, indicating strong directionality and concentration. The kraft paper tube ensures uniform energy distribution but exhibits the weakest overall energy concentration, along with the longest rise times and lowest loading rates. These findings provide a theoretical foundation for optimizing high-energy gas-generating agent designs and enhancing rock-breaking efficacy.
- borehole wall pressure /
- casing material /
- high-energy gas /
- rock-breaking efficacy

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图 1 高能产气剂

Figure 1. High-Energy Gas Generators

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图 2 试验装置设计

Figure 2. Design of the test device

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图 3 封堵高能产气剂

Figure 3. Sealing explosive pre-splitting agent

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图 4 试验装置实物图

Figure 4. Physical diagram of the test device

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图 5 A组待爆品孔壁压力-时程曲线

Figure 5. The time-history curve of the hole wall pressure of Group A product

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图 6 B组待爆品孔壁压力-时程曲线

Figure 6. The time-history curve of the hole wall pressure of Group B product

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图 7 C组待爆品孔壁压力-时程曲线

Figure 7. The time-history curve of the hole wall pressure of Group C product

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图 8 D组待爆品孔壁压力-时程曲线

Figure 8. The time-history curve of the hole wall pressure of Group D product

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图 9 各组压力峰值变化

Figure 9. Changes of pressure peak in each group

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图 10 各组升压时间变化

Figure 10. Changes in the pressure increase time of each group

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图 11 各组加载率变化

Figure 11. Changes in loading rates of each group

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表 1 材料的物理性质

Table 1. Physical properties of materials

剂壳类型	弹性模量/GPa	泊松比
PVC透明	3.16	0.42
PVC白色	3.63	0.37
纸管	2.32	0.29

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表 2 待爆品试验

Table 2. Products for testing before explosion

组别	启动剂	外壳材料
A组	40 mm启动剂	无
B组		PVC透明
C组		PVC白色
D组		纸管

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表 3 孔壁压力参数

Table 3. Hole wall pressure parameter

组别	监测点	压力峰值/MPa	升压时间/ms	加载率/(MPa·ms⁻¹)
A组	测点1	15.54	22.61	0.69
	测点2	92.88	17.11	5.43
	测点3	94.53	17.91	5.28
B组	测点1	19.30	25.44	0.76
	测点2	271.89	22.49	12.09
	测点3	178.76	21.84	8.18
C组	测点1	28.91	25.50	1.13
	测点2	282.16	21.10	13.37
	测点3	165.92	19.20	8.64
D组	测点1	23.00	28.07	0.82
	测点2	246.21	24.67	9.98
	测点3	170.43	24.42	6.98

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表 4 不对称指数

Table 4. Asymmetric index

组别	峰值差值/MPa	时间差值/ms	不对称指数/(MPa·ms⁻¹)
A组	1.65	0.80	1.32
B组	93.13	0.65	60.53
C组	116.24	1.90	220.86
D组	75.78	0.25	18.95

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表 5 压力峰值衰减指数

Table 5. Pressure peak attenuation index

组别	p_2,peak/ MPa	p_3,peak/ >MPa	(p_2,peak−p_3,peak)/ MPa	压力峰值衰减系数 β₁/(MPa·cm⁻¹)	可信度δ
A组	93.71	15.54	78.17	7.82	0.283
B组	225.33	19.30	206.03	20.60	0.256
C组	224.04	28.91	195.13	19.51	0.249
D组	208.32	23.00	185.32	18.53	0.272

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表 6 升压时间衰减指数

Table 6. Attenuation index of boost time

组别	t_2,peak/ ms	t_3,peak/ ms	(t_2,peak−t_3,peak)/ ms	升压时间衰减系数β₂/ (ms·cm⁻¹)	可信度δ
A组	17.51	22.61	5.10	0.51	0.283
B组	22.17	25.44	3.27	0.33	0.256
C组	20.15	25.50	5.35	0.54	0.249
D组	24.55	28.07	3.52	0.35	0.272

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表 7 加载率衰减指数

Table 7. Loading rate attenuation index

组别	a_2,peak/ (MPa·ms⁻¹)	a_3,peak/ (MPa·ms⁻¹)	(a_2,peak−a_3,peak)/ (MPa·ms⁻¹)	加载率衰减系数β₃/ (MPa·ms⁻¹·cm⁻¹)	可信度δ
A组	5.36	0.69	4.67	0.48	0.283
B组	10.14	0.76	9.38	0.94	0.256
C组	11.01	1.13	9.88	0.99	0.249
D组	8.48	0.82	7.66	0.77	0.272

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