Hopkinson杆用于冲击疲劳试验的应力波调控方法

李泊立; 袁康博; 赵思晗; 姜海龙; 郭玉佩; 郭伟国

doi:10.11883/bzycj-2025-0225

Hopkinson杆用于冲击疲劳试验的应力波调控方法

doi: 10.11883/bzycj-2025-0225

李泊立^{1, 2,},
袁康博^{3, 4, ,},
赵思晗⁵,
姜海龙^{1, 2},
郭玉佩^{1, 2},
郭伟国^{1, 2}

1.
西北工业大学航空学院，陕西西安 710072
2.
强度与结构完整性全国重点实验室，陕西西安 710072
3.
西北工业大学力学与交通运载工程学院，陕西西安 710129
4.
西北工业大学深圳研究院，广东深圳 518057
5.
西安现代控制技术研究所，陕西西安 710065

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金项目（12202149；12372365；12072287），广东省基础与应用基础研究基金（2025A1515011462），中央高校基本科研业务费面上项目（D5000240124）

详细信息

作者简介:
李泊立（1998－　），男，博士研究生，liboli2020@nwpu.mail.edu.cn

通讯作者:
袁康博（1992－　），女，博士，副教授，硕士生导师，kangboyuan@nwpu.edu.cn

中图分类号: O347.4
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2025-07-21
- 修回日期: 2025-12-03
- 网络出版日期: 2025-12-05

Study on the stress wave control method of the Hopkinson bar used in the impact fatigue experiment

LI Boli^{1, 2
,},
YUAN Kangbo^{3, 4
, ,},
ZHAO Sihan⁵,
JIANG Hailong^{1, 2},
GUO Yupei^{1, 2},
GUO Weiguo^{1, 2}

1.
School of Aeronautics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, Shaanxi, China
2.
National Key Laboratory of Strength and Structural Integrity, Xi’an 710072, Shaanxi, China
3.
School of Mechanics and Transportation Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710129, Shaanxi, China
4.
Shenzhen Research Institute of Northwestern Polytechnical University, Shenzhen 518057, Guangdong, China
5.
Xi’an Modern Control Technology Research Institute, Xi’an 710065, Shaanxi, China

摘要

摘要: 在国防与民用领域，一些装备和结构不可避免地会承受间断性的、高加载率的、重复性的强冲击作用，即所谓的重复冲击或冲击疲劳作用。要研究装备或结构的冲击疲劳行为，首先需要建立可靠的冲击疲劳试验技术或方法。对传统的Hopkinson杆冲击加载技术进行了修改和功能提升，并分析和研究了连续冲击时加载杆、试样、夹具等应力波传播问题，对作用于试样的冲击加载波的幅值、脉宽和应力波脉冲构型进行了分析与调制，以及对在冲击疲劳试验中如何实现单脉冲加载进行了理论分析。通过优化和改进撞击弹的撞击速度、长度以及弹体的几何形状实现了有效的加载波幅值、脉宽和应力波脉冲构型控制。最终提出了一种简单快速可适用于冲击疲劳试验的单脉冲加载方法，其原理为：通过设计加载杆的长度与材料参数，使试样和入射杆端面协同作用与分离，避免了加载杆上来回传播的应力波对试样的不规则随机二次或多次加载问题，实现了连续冲击时，每单次冲击对试样的单次加载功能。通过数值仿真和实际试验验证，证明了所提出的冲击疲劳单脉冲加载方法的有效性和可行性。并建立了用于剪切冲击疲劳的加载装置，获得了TC4钛合金的剪切冲击疲劳应力-寿命曲线。
- 冲击疲劳 /
- 应力波 /
- 单脉冲加载 /
- Hopkinson杆
Abstract: In both national defense and civilian applications, various equipment and structural components are frequently subjected to intermittent, high loading rates, and repetitive severe impact loads, which are referred to as repeated impacts or impact fatigue. To study the impact fatigue behavior of equipment or structures, it is necessary to first establish reliable impact fatigue testing techniques or methodologies. Therefore, the conventional Hopkinson bar impact loading system was modified and enhanced, and the stress wave propagation characteristics in the loading bar, specimen, and associated fixtures under successive impacts were analyzed in detail. The method for controlling the amplitude, width, and waveform configuration of the impact loading pulse applied to the specimen was systematically analyzed. In addition, a theoretical analysis was conducted on the principle of achieving single pulse loading in impact fatigue testing. Effective control of the amplitude, pulse width, and the stress wave pulse configuration of the loading wave is realized by optimizing and modifying the impact velocity, length, and geometric shape of the projectile. Consequently, a simple and efficient single pulse loading method suitable for impact fatigue testing was proposed. The core principle involves designing the length and material parameters of the loading bar such that the end surfaces of the specimen and the bar coordinate and then separate, thereby preventing irregular and random secondary or multiple loadings caused by reflected stress waves. This design ensures that each individual impact in a continuous impact sequence results in a single loading on the specimen. The effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed impact fatigue testing technique have been verified through a combination of numerical simulations and experimental investigations. Additionally, a dedicated loading fixture for shear-type impact fatigue was developed, enabling the acquisition of the shear impact fatigue stress-life curve of TC4 titanium alloy, thus demonstrating the method’s applicability to complex loading modes.
- impact fatigue /
- stress wave /
- single pulse loading /
- Hopkinson bar

HTML全文

图 1 异形几何撞击弹产生应力波脉冲示意图

Figure 1. Schematic diagram of stress wave pulse generated by irregular-shaped projectile

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图 2 不同形状撞击弹产生的不同构型的应力波脉冲

Figure 2. Stress wave pulses of different configurations generated by projectiles of different shapes

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图 3 典型SHPB试验中加载杆的应变-时间历程曲线

Figure 3. The strain-time history curve of loading bars in a typical SHPB test

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图 4 应力波在相同长度入射杆和透射杆中传播过程

Figure 4. The propagation process of stress waves in incident bar and transmitted bar with the same length

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图 5 分离式Hopkinson杆中的单脉冲加载方法

Figure 5. Single pulse loading method in split Hopkinson bar;

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图 6 应力波在不同长度入射杆和透射杆中应力波传播过程

Figure 6. The propagation process of stress waves in incident bar and transmitted bar with different lengths

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图 7 端面位移和试样应力的数值仿真结果

Figure 7. Numerical simulation results of end face displacement and specimen stress

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图 8 冲击疲劳装置加载部分的示意图

Figure 8. Schematic diagram of the loading part of the impact fatigue device

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图 9 剪切试样单脉冲加载验证

Figure 9. Verification of single pulse loading of shear specimen

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图 10 剪切区尺寸优化

Figure 10. Size optimization of shear zone

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图 11 剪切试样侧向限位示意图

Figure 11. Diagram of lateral limit of shear specimen

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图 12 试样应力平衡验证

Figure 12. Verification of stress equilibrium of specimen

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图 13 剪切冲击疲劳试验应力波幅值统计

Figure 13. Impact fatigue stress amplitude in impact fatigue test of shear specimens

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图 14 剪切试样冲击疲劳应力幅值-寿命曲线

Figure 14. Impact fatigue stress amplitude-life curve of shear specimens

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表 1 钢质试样J-C本构模型参数

Table 1. Parameters of J-C constitutive model of steel specimen

A / MPa B / MPa C n

432.5 1201.6 0.013 0.4

下载: 导出CSV

表 2 冲击疲劳试验数据

Table 2. Experimental results of impact fatigue

试样编号应力幅值/ MPa 平均剪切应变率/ s⁻¹ N

1 513.7 1197.1 2927

2 511.1 1102.9 2695

3 527.0 1014.7 1876

4 599.4 1738.6 37

下载: 导出CSV

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