Research on the correlation between the medium-weight shock test load and the design shock load for ship equipment
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摘要: 目前国内缺少对GJB1060.1-1991中规定的冲击设计载荷与GJB150.18-1986中规定的试验工况所对应的试验载荷的相关性研究，利用建立的中量级冲击试验多自由度质量刚度阻尼动力学模型，针对船体安装单自由度刚性设备（设备本身假设为刚体），开展GJB150.18-1986中规定工况下的冲击试验载荷计算，拟合得到冲击试验谱速度的计算公式，发现GJB150.18-86规定的标准工况下冲击试验谱速度在1.75~2.40 m/s之间，与GJB1060.1-1991中规定的DDAM（dynamic design analysis method）方法计算得到的冲击设计谱速度进行对比，分析设备安装频率、设备质量、摆锤高度等对试验载荷与设计载荷相关性的影响，结果表明，整体上冲击设计载荷大于冲击试验载荷，但在槽钢跨距较大（大于90 cm）的特定工况，可能出现冲击试验载荷更大，并给出了冲击设计谱速度与冲击试验谱速度的定量比值。Abstract: At present, there is a lack of research on the correlation between the shock design load specified in GJB1060.1-1991 and the shock test load corresponding to the test conditions specified in GJB150.18-1986 in China. Without a clear understanding of the severities of shock design loads and shock test loads, it is impossible to accurately guide the anti-shock design for the evaluation and testing of ship equipment. Taking the medium-weight shock test specified in GJB150.18-1986 standard as a case, a multi-degree-of-freedom mass stiffness damping dynamic model is established. Considering the single-degree-of-freedom rigid installation equipment installed on the hull (the equipment itself is assumed to be rigid), the shock test load calculation under the standard conditions can be carried out. It can be found that there are upper and lower limits for the shock spectrum velocity of the test load anvil where the lower limit is about 1.75 m/s and the upper limit is about 2.40 m/s. A calculation formula of the shock test spectrum velocity is fitted. Based on the DDAM (dynamic design analysis method) method and the shock design spectrum value specified in GJB1060.1-1991, the shock design spectrum velocity calculated is compared with the shock test load, and the influences of equipment installation frequency, equipment mass and pendulum height on the shock design load and shock test load are analyzed. Based on the comparison results, it is found that the shock design load is more severe than the shock test load. However, when the channel steel span is relatively large (greater than 90 cm) and the equipment installation frequency is relatively high (greater than 80 Hz), the shock test load may be more severe. In addition, the quantitative ratio between the velocity of the shock design spectrum and that of the shock test spectrum is provided. The research results prove the correlation between the shock design load and the shock test load, which can provide reference for the shock resistance design and shock test of the equipment and the revision of relevant standards.
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图 1 中型冲击机结构示意图（左）及外观照片（右）
Figure 1. Structure diagram (left) and appearance photo (right) of medium-weight impact machine
图 3 砧台冲击谱曲线计算结果与试验结果对比
Figure 3. The comparison between the model calculation results and the test results
图 4 不同船体安装频率时的冲击设计加速度
Figure 4. Impact design acceleration at different hull installation frequencies
图 5 典型刚性安装设备冲击设计加速度与冲击试验加速度随跨距变化曲线
Figure 5. Typical rigid installation equipment impact design acceleration and impact test acceleration with span change curve
图 6 不同设备质量下冲击设计谱速度$ {V}_{1} $与冲击试验谱速度$ {V}_{2} $随安装频率的变化曲线
Figure 6. Curves of impact design spectrum velocity $ {V}_{1} $ and impact test spectrum velocity $ {V}_{2} $ of different equipment mass with installation frequency
图 7 不同设备安装频率下冲击设计谱速度$ {V}_{1} $与冲击试验谱速度$ {V}_{2} $随质量的变化曲线
Figure 7. The change curves of impact design spectrum velocity $ {V}_{1} $ and impact test spectrum velocity $ {V}_{2} $ with mass at different equipment installation frequencies
图 8 冲击试验谱速度$ {V}_{2} $随摆锤高度的变化曲线
Figure 8. Impact test anvil impact spectrum velocity $ {V}_{2} $ with the height of the pendulum change curve
图 9 锤高165 cm冲击试验谱速度与质量、频率之间关系（红色点划线为拟合结果，黑色实线为计算结果）
Figure 9. The relationship between the impact spectrum velocity and the mass and frequency of the anvil with a height of 165 cm (the red dotted line is the fitting result, and the black solid line is the calculation result)
图 10 砧台冲击谱速公式计算结果与仿真计算结果对比
Figure 10. The comparison between the calculation results of the impact spectrum velocity formula of the anvil and the simulation results
图 11 冲击设计谱速度与冲击试验谱速度比值随设备质量、槽钢跨距的变化
Figure 11. The ratio of impact design spectrum velocity to impact test spectrum velocity varies with equipment quality and channel steel span
表 1 基准加速度谱值及基准速度谱值计算
Table 1. Calculation of reference acceleration spectrum value and reference velocity spectrum value
安装设备的部位 基准加速度谱A0 基准速度谱V0 船体和外板安装部位 $ 196.2\dfrac{\left(17.01+{m}_{a}\right)\left(5.44+{m}_{a}\right)}{{\left(2.72+{m}_{a}\right)}^{2}} $ $ 1.52\dfrac{5.44+{m}_{a}}{2.72+{m}_{a}} $ 甲板安装部位 $ 98.1\dfrac{\left(19.05+{m}_{a}\right)}{2.72+{m}_{a}} $ $ 1.52\dfrac{5.44+{m}_{a}}{2.72+{m}_{a}} $ 注：ma的单位为t，A0、Aa的单位为m/s2，V0、Va的单位为m/s。 
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