燃料空气炸药云团的起爆裕度

贾大卫; 何超; 周涛; 管璇

doi:10.11883/bzycj-2025-0278

燃料空气炸药云团的起爆裕度

doi: 10.11883/bzycj-2025-0278

西安近代化学研究所，陕西西安 710065

基金项目: 国防科技卓越青年科学基金（J-JK-ZQ-2101）

详细信息

作者简介:
贾大卫（1995－　），男，博士，助理研究员，dwjnwpu@163.com

通讯作者:
周　涛（1979－　），男，博士，研究员，sflantian@163.com

中图分类号: O381
计量
- 文章访问数: 278
- HTML全文浏览量: 45
- PDF下载量: 51
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2025-08-24
- 修回日期: 2025-10-09
- 网络出版日期: 2025-10-23

On ignition margin of fuel-air explosive cloud

Xi’an Modern Chemistry Research Institute, Xi’an 710065, Shaanxi, China

摘要

摘要: 考虑二次起爆药柱位于燃料空气炸药（fuel air explosive, FAE）抛散后形成的云团外围的情况，开展云团起爆裕度研究。设计了含12.5 kg的FAE样机，通过抛散试验确定了云团的最大半径。将1 kg级HMX基炸药作为二次起爆药柱，通过试验研究，基于高速和超压测试得到了药柱距云团边缘的距离和云团起爆状态的关系，并确定了距离阈值。以云团边缘超压峰值作为衡量起爆裕度的指标，通过经验公式和数值模拟研究了满足云团起爆条件的边缘超压峰值的阈值，并基于临界能量流判据对超压峰值进行了辅助验证。结果表明：将1 kg级HMX基炸药置于云团外围同样可以使云团产生爆轰现象，但距云团边缘的距离不应超过0.5 m；当二次起爆药柱能量足够使云团能够发生稳定爆轰时，二次起爆药柱的位置对爆轰超压的影响不大；为保证云团的起爆性能，二次起爆药柱产生的云团边缘超压峰值不应小于5 MPa。本文考虑了云团起爆的严苛条件，研究结果可为二次起爆药柱设计提供支撑。
- 燃料空气炸药 /
- 云团起爆裕度 /
- 二次起爆药柱 /
- 边缘超压峰值
Abstract: This study focuses on the scenario in which the secondary initiation charge column is positioned at the periphery of the cloud formed subsequent to the dispersion of the fuel-air explosive (FAE). It conducts in-depth research on the initiation margin of the cloud. A prototype filled with 12.5 kg of cloud-bursting agent was meticulously designed. The maximum radius of the cloud was precisely determined through a series of dispersion tests. A 1 kg HMX-based explosive was employed as the secondary initiation charge column. Through comprehensive experimental investigations, including high-speed and overpressure tests, the relationship between the distance of the charge column from the edge of the cloud and the initiation state of the cloud was established, and the distance threshold was accurately determined. Using the peak overpressure at the edge of the cloud as an index to measure the initiation margin, the threshold of the peak overpressure at the cloud edge that satisfies the initiation conditions of the cloud was investigated via empirical formulas and numerical simulations. The peak overpressure was further verified based on the critical energy flow criterion. The results indicate that placing a 1 kg HMX-based explosive at the periphery of the cloud can also trigger the cloud to detonate, provided that the distance from the cloud edge does not exceed 0.5 m. When the energy of the secondary initiation charge column is adequate to trigger stable detonation of the cloud, the location of the secondary initiation charge column exerts minimal influence on the detonation overpressure. To guarantee the initiation performance of the cloud, the peak overpressure at the edge of the cloud generated by the secondary initiation charge column should not be lower than 5 MPa. This study takes into account the stringent conditions for cloud initiation, and the research findings can offer support for the design of secondary initiation charge columns.
- fuel-air explosive /
- cloud ignition margin /
- secondary initiation explosive charge /
- edge peak overpressure

HTML全文

图 1 缩比样机设计图

Figure 1. Design drawing of the scale proto

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 2 缩比样机

Figure 2. Scale proto

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 3 二次起爆药柱

Figure 3. Secondary detonator explosive

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 4 典型时刻的云团抛散状态

Figure 4. Cloud dispersion status at typical moments

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 5 云团半径随抛撒时间的变化

Figure 5. Variation of cloud radius with dispersal time

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 6 试验场地布置

Figure 6. Experimental site layout

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 7 二维超压计算数值模型

Figure 7. Two-dimensional overpressure computational numerical model

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 8 超压时程曲线

Figure 8. Time history curve of overpressure

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 9 0.125 ms时超压分布云图

Figure 9. Overpressure distribution map at 0.125 ms

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

表 1 云团起爆状态

Table 1. Cloud ignition state

边缘距离/m	云团状态		是否起爆
0.4	30 ms	35 ms	是

	40 ms	45 ms

0.5	30 ms	35 ms	是

	40 ms	45 ms

0.6	30 ms	35 ms	否

	40 ms	45 ms

0.7	30 ms	35 ms	否

	40 ms	45 ms

−1 (云团里面起爆)	30 ms	35 ms	是

	40 ms	45 ms

下载: 导出CSV

表 2 云团爆轰超压峰值

Table 2. Peak overpressure of cloud detonation

云团边缘距离/m	超压峰值/MPa
	测点距离5 m			测点距离7 m			测点距离9 m
	1号	2号	平均	1号	2号	平均	1号	2号	平均
0.4	0.339	0.392	0.365	0.227	0.201	0.214	0.101	0.114	0.107
0.5	0.383	0.388	0.385	0.235	0.214	0.224	0.115	0.108	0.111
0.6	0.035	0.038	0.036	0.021	0.024	0.022	0.018	0.021	0.019
0.7	0.030	0.032	0.031	0.023	0.021	0.022	0.017	0.019	0.018
−1（云团内）	0.295	0.415	0.355	0.232	0.200	0.216	0.098	0.106	0.102

下载: 导出CSV

表 3 *MAT_HIGH_EXPLOSIVE_BURN和*EOS_JWL参数

Table 3. Parameters of *MAT_HIGH_EXPLOSIVE_BURN and*EOS_JWL

ρ₀/(kg·m⁻³)	D/(km·s⁻¹)	p_CJ/GPa	A/GPa	B/GPa	R₁	R₂	ω	E₀/GPa
1850	7.433	41	774	7.23	4.2	1	0.4	10

下载: 导出CSV

参考文献(24)

[1]	沈晓波, 鲁长波, 李斌, 等. 液体燃料云雾爆轰参数实验 [J]. 爆炸与冲击, 2012, 32(1): 108–112. DOI: 10.11883/1001-1455(2012)01-0108-05. SHEN X B, LU C B, LI B, et al. An experimental study of detonation parameters of liquid fuel drops cloud [J]. Explosion and Shock Waves, 2012, 32(1): 108–112. DOI: 10.11883/1001-1455(2012)01-0108-05.
[2]	REN J F, BAI C H, ZHAO X Y, et al. Research on the evolution of state field and damage range of multiple source cloud explosions [J]. International Journal of Impact Engineering, 2025, 196: 105182. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2024.105182.
[3]	畅博, 王世英. 二次起爆型云爆战斗部爆炸抛撒过程及毁伤作用 [J]. 战术导弹技术, 2016(6): 111–117. DOI: 10.16358/j.issn.1009-1300.2016.06.19. CHANG B, WANG S Y. Explosive dispersion process and damage effect of double event fuel air explosion warhead [J]. Tactical Missile Technology, 2016(6): 111–117. DOI: 10.16358/j.issn.1009-1300.2016.06.19.
[4]	贾承志, 张奇. 云爆燃料分散过程窜火机理的数值模拟 [J]. 含能材料, 2020, 28(3): 248–254. DOI: 10.11943/CJEM2018284. JIA C Z, ZHANG Q. Numerical simulation on the mechanism of premature-combustion in the process of FAE fuel dispersion [J]. Chinese Journal of Energetic Materials, 2020, 28(3): 248–254. DOI: 10.11943/CJEM2018284.
[5]	方伟, 赵省向, 李文祥, 等. 爆炸抛撒过程中FAE云雾的运动特性 [J]. 含能材料, 2015, 23(11): 1061–1066. DOI: 10.11943/j.issn.1006-9941.2015.11.005. FANG W, ZHAO S X, LI W X, et al. Movement characteristics of fuel-air explosive (FAE) clouds in the explosion dispersal process [J]. Chinese Journal of Energetic Materials, 2015, 23(11): 1061–1066. DOI: 10.11943/j.issn.1006-9941.2015.11.005.
[6]	LIU C P, WANG Z R, MA C, et al. Influencing factors of the chain effect of spherical gas cloud explosion [J]. Process Safety and Environmental Protection, 2020, 142: 359–369. DOI: 10.1016/j.psep.2020.06.007.
[7]	史远通, 张奇. 中心装药对燃料抛散的影响及其空腔效应 [J]. 含能材料, 2014, 22(3): 353–358. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-9941.2014.03.015. SHI Y T, ZHANG Q. Center explosive charge for fuel dispersal and its cavity effect [J]. Chinese Journal of Energetic Materials, 2014, 22(3): 353–358. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-9941.2014.03.015.
[8]	BAI C H, WANG Y, LI J P, et al. Influences of the cloud shape of fuel-air mixtures on the overpressure field [J]. Shock and Vibration, 2016, 2016(1): 9748536. DOI: 10.1155/2016/9748536.
[9]	陈嘉琛, 张奇, 马秋菊, 等. 固体与液体混合燃料抛撒过程数值模拟 [J]. 兵工学报, 2014, 35(7): 972–976. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2014.07.005. CHEN J C, ZHANG Q, MA Q J, et al. Numerical simulation of dispersal process of solid-liquid mixed fuel [J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2014, 35(7): 972–976. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2014.07.005.
[10]	苏震, 高洪泉, 赵宏伟, 等. 高落速云雾爆轰的数值模拟 [J]. 含能材料, 2023, 31(5): 431–439. DOI: 10.11943/CJEM2022265. SU Z, GAO H Q, ZHAO H W, et al. Numerical simulation of cloud detonation at high falling velocity [J]. Chinese Journal of Energetic Materials, 2023, 31(5): 431–439. DOI: 10.11943/CJEM2022265.
[11]	许志峰, 尹俊婷, 何超, 等. 壳体形状对云爆战斗部抛撒云团尺寸的影响 [J]. 中北大学学报(自然科学版), 2018, 39(6): 672–676,701. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-3193.2018.06.008. XU Z F, YIN J T, HE C, et al. Effect of shell shape on dispersal cloud size of the FAE [J]. Journal of North University of China (Natural Science Edition), 2018, 39(6): 672–676,701. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-3193.2018.06.008.
[12]	王溪濛, 薛琨. 云雾区形貌对云雾爆轰超压毁伤威力的影响 [J]. 含能材料, 2024, 32(12): 1270–1279. DOI: 10.11943/CJEM2024202. WANG X M, XUE K. Influence of cloud morphology on cloud detonation overpressure damage power [J]. Chinese Journal of Energetic Materials, 2024, 32(12): 1270–1279. DOI: 10.11943/CJEM2024202.
[13]	田园, 王仲琦, 林海燕. 云雾形态对爆轰压力场影响的数值模拟研究 [J]. 安全与环境学报, 2013, 13(4): 182–187. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1009-6094.2013.04.040. TIAN Y, WANG Z Q, LIN H Y. ERP study on the human error in delayed matching to sample task paradigm [J]. Journal of Safety and Environment, 2013, 13(4): 182–187. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1009-6094.2013.04.040.
[14]	徐永康, 薛琨. 基于人工神经网络算法的多相云雾爆轰毁伤效应预测模型 [J]. 兵工学报, 2024, 45(6): 1889–1905. DOI: 10.12382/bgxb.2023.0094. XU Y K, XUE K. Artificial neural network-based prediction model for damage effect of fuel-air explosive [J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2024, 45(6): 1889–1905. DOI: 10.12382/bgxb.2023.0094.
[15]	杨振寰, 袁野, 刘鑫, 等. 起爆方式对圆台型云爆弹装置燃料抛撒初期运动规律的数值模拟 [J]. 兵工学报, 2024, 45(9): 3071–3081. DOI: 10.12382/bgxb.2023.0999. YANG Z H, YUAN Y, LIU X, et al. Numerical simulation on the effects of initiation methods on the initial movement of fuel dispersal in a frustum-shaped FAE device [J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2024, 45(9): 3071–3081. DOI: 10.12382/bgxb.2023.0999.
[16]	徐敏潇, 刘大斌, 吴秋洁. 二次起爆条件对小型燃料空气炸药爆轰参数的影响 [J]. 爆破器材, 2017, 46(2): 11–15. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-8352.2017.02.003. XU M X, LIU D B, WU Q J. Influence of re-initiation on detonation parameters of small scale fuel-air explosive [J]. Explosive Materials, 2017, 46(2): 11–15. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-8352.2017.02.003.
[17]	王世英, 王仲琦, 计东奎. 云爆战斗部动态条件下云爆剂抛撒云团形态研究 [J]. 弹箭与制导学报, 2018, 38(4): 1–5. DOI: 10.15892/j.cnki.djzdxb.2018.04.0. WANG S Y, WANG Z Q, JI D K. Research on cloud shape of fuel air explosive warhead under dynamic dispersion [J]. Journal of Projectiles, Rockets, Missiles and Guidance, 2018, 38(4): 1–5. DOI: 10.15892/j.cnki.djzdxb.2018.04.0.
[18]	余炜, 王健, 刘通有, 等. 传爆药超压峰值理论计算公式优化研究 [J]. 北京理工大学学报, 2023, 43(10): 1086–1093. DOI: 10.15918/j.tbit1001-0645.2023.107. YU W, WANG J, LIU T Y, et al. Optimization study on theoretical calculation formula of peak overpressure for booster explosive [J]. Transactions of Beijing institute of Technology, 2023, 43(10): 1086–1093. DOI: 10.15918/j.tbit1001-0645.2023.107.
[19]	闫俊伯, 刘彦, 李臻, 等. 箍筋间距和轴压比对爆炸载荷作用下钢筋混凝土柱动态响应的影响 [J]. 兵工学报, 2020, 41(S2): 35–43. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2020.S2.004. YAN J B, LI Y, LI Z, et al. Effects of transverse reinforcement ratio and axial load on the blast response of steel reinforced concrete columns [J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2020, 41(S2): 35–43. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2020.S2.004.
[20]	肖伟芳, 陈思琦, 赵宪忠. 近距离爆炸作用下工字形截面钢柱荷载分布与动态响应数值模拟研究 [J]. 建筑结构学报, 2024, 45(1): 12–26. DOI: 10.14006/j.jzjgxb.2023.0048. XIAO W F, CHEN S Q, ZHAO X Z. Numerical investigations of blast load distribution and dynamic response of I-shaped steel columns subjected to close-in explosions [J]. Journal of Building Structures, 2024, 45(1): 12–26. DOI: 10.14006/j.jzjgxb.2023.0048.
[21]	BAI C H, ZHAO X Y, YAO J, et al. Numerical investigation of the shockwave overpressure fields of multi-sources FAE explosions [J]. Defence Technology, 2021, 17(4): 1168–1177. DOI: 10.1016/j.dt.2020.06.020.
[22]	SUN B F, BAI C H, ZHAO C H, et al. Optimization of ejection characteristics for twice-detonating device in double-event fuel-air explosive with high drop velocity [J]. Fire, 2023, 6(7): 250. DOI: 10.3390/fire6070250.
[23]	姜夕博, 饶国宁, 郭耸, 等. 退役单基发射药临界起爆特性的研究 [J]. 弹道学报, 2013, 25(2): 89–94. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-499X.2013.02.018. JIANG X B, RAO G N, GUO S, et al. Study on critical initiation characteristics of expired single-base propellants [J]. Journal of Ballistics, 2013, 25(2): 89–94. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-499X.2013.02.018.
[24]	宋述忠, 彭金华, 陈网桦, 等. 几种燃料云雾爆轰临界起爆能的研究 [J]. 爆炸与冲击, 2002, 22(4): 373–376. DOI: 10.3321/j.issn:1001-1455.2002.04.016. SONG S Z, PENG J H, CHEN W H, et al. Study on critical initiation energy of several fuel-air mixture [J]. Explosion and Shock Waves, 2002, 22(4): 373–376. DOI: 10.3321/j.issn:1001-1455.2002.04.016.