不同双金属超分子化合物抑制镁粉爆燃火焰的实验研究

王慧婷; 韩志跃; 余子明

doi:10.11883/bzycj-2025-0294

不同双金属超分子化合物抑制镁粉爆燃火焰的实验研究

doi: 10.11883/bzycj-2025-0294

北京理工大学爆炸科学与安全防护全国重点实验室，北京 100081

基金项目: 国家重点研发计划课题资助（2023YFC3010604）

详细信息

作者简介:
王慧婷（2003－　），女，硕士研究生，1418246822@qq.com

通讯作者:
韩志跃（1984－　），男，博士，副教授，hanzhiyue@bit.edu.cn

中图分类号: O383; X932
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- 文章访问数: 560
- HTML全文浏览量: 143
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2025-09-09
- 修回日期: 2025-10-11
- 网络出版日期: 2025-10-16

Experiment on suppression of magnesium powder deflagration flame with different bimetallic supramolecular compounds

State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Safety Protection, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China

摘要

摘要: 镁粉在生产过程中存在极大爆炸风险，亟需开发高效靶向抑爆剂。本文中通过共沉淀法成功合成不同类型的双金属超分子化合物抑爆剂，并利用哈特曼管研究了其对镁粉爆炸的抑制效果。研究发现双金属超分子化合物材料的抑爆效果优于传统抑爆剂碳酸氢钠，且当金属阳离子一致时，碳酸根离子抑爆效果优于氯离子。抑爆效果钙铁碳酸根材料优于铜铝碳酸根材料优于镁铝碳酸根材料优于钙铁氯离子材料优于锌铬碳酸根材料优于镁铝氯离子材料。明确了抑爆机理为吸热分解、物理包裹、惰性气体稀释及金属阳离子/层间阴离子协同清除关键自由基从而实现物理-化学的双重抑爆。
- 双金属超分子化合物 /
- 镁粉爆炸 /
- 火焰传播 /
- 爆炸抑制
Abstract: Magnesium powder, a commonly utilized metallic material, frequently gives rise to combustion and explosion incidents during its production. To identify efficient suppressants for magnesium dust explosions, six bimetallic supramolecular compounds were synthesized via co-precipitation, and their flame-suppression performance on magnesium dust flames was compared by means of flame morphology and flame-propagation velocity in a Hartmann tube; sodium bicarbonate, a traditional suppressant, served as the reference. In the tests, magnesium powder was premixed with each of the seven suppressants at a mass ratio of 1:6 and then ignited in the Hartmann tube. The average flame-propagation velocity was derived from the tube length and the time required for the flame to reach the tube top, whereas the instantaneous flame-propagation velocity was obtained by recording flame height at successive instants. A higher average velocity and a faster flame-front propagation velocity signify a weaker suppressant efficacy. When the seven suppressants were ranked according to these two indicators, however, the orders were not fully consistent. For instance, MgAl-Cl yielded a lower average velocity than NaHCO₃, yet its maximum flame-propagation velocity exhibited the opposite trend. This discrepancy arises because certain suppressants only weakly inhibit the magnesium flame, allowing rapid flame acceleration near the tube outlet where oxygen is abundant. Integrating both the average and the maximum flame-propagation velocities, the suppressants can be arranged from the least to the most effective as follows: NaHCO₃, MgAl-Cl, ZnCr-CO₃, CaFe-Cl, MgAl-CO₃, CuAl-CO₃, CaFe-CO₃. Moreover, the percentage reductions in average velocity imparted by the four bimetallic supramolecular compounds (MgAl-Cl versus MgAl-CO₃, and CaFe-Cl versus CaFe-CO₃) were 17.95 %, 27.30 %, 23.82 %, and 50.76 %, respectively, evidencing that carbonate as the interlayer anion have a superior suppression effect on magnesium powder deflagration compared to those with chloride as the interlayer anion. SEM and XRD analyses of the reaction products, together with TG-DSC traces of the bimetallic supramolecular compounds, revealed that during the decomposition process, bimetallic supramolecular compounds lower the flame temperature via the desorption of interlayer water molecules and the heat absorption associated with the decomposition of the layered structure. Moreover, the inert gases and metal oxides generated during decomposition can block heat transfer and inhibit the volatilization of combustible gases from the surface of magnesium powder particles. Meanwhile, the metal ions and interlayer anions participate in the combustion reaction, consuming free radicals and interrupting the chain reaction, thereby achieving the explosion suppression effect.
- bimetallic supramolecular compound /
- magnesium powder explosion /
- flame propagation /
- explosion suppression

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图 1 双金属超分子化合物结构图

Figure 1. Structure diagram of bimetallic supramolecular compound

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图 2 镁粉粒径分布

Figure 2. Particle size distribution of magnesium powder

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图 3 镁粉扫描电镜图

Figure 3. Scanning electron microscopy of magnesium powder

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图 4 双金属超分子化合物的制备流程

Figure 4. Preparation process of bimetallic supramolecular compound

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图 5 六种双金属超分子化合物材料的扫描电镜图

Figure 5. Scanning electron microscopy of six types of bimetallic supramolecular compound

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图 6 火焰传播实验系统

Figure 6. Flame propagation test system

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图 7 不同质量浓度镁粉的火焰传播

Figure 7. Flame propagation of magnesium powder with different mass concentrations

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图 8 加入不同抑爆剂后的火焰传播

Figure 8. Flame propagation with different explosion suppressants

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图 9 加入不同双金属超分子化合物的火焰速度

Figure 9. Flame velocity with different types of bimetallic supramolecular compound

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图 10 Mg与CaFe-CO₃的热分解特性曲线

Figure 10. Thermal decomposition characteristic curves of Mg and CaFe-CO₃

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表 1 加入不同抑爆剂后的火焰平均速度

Table 1. Average flame velocity with different explosion suppressants added

管长/mm	抑爆剂	到达管顶时间/ms	平均速度/ (m·s⁻¹)	降幅
900	无	32	28.13	0
	NaHCO₃	36	25.00	11.13%
	MgAl-Cl	39	23.08	17.95%
	ZnCr-CO₃	40	22.50	20.01%
	CaFe-Cl	42	21.43	23.82%
	MgAl-CO₃	44	20.45	27.30%
	CuAl-CO₃	46	19.57	30.43%
	CaFe-CO₃	65	13.85	50.76%

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表 2 加入不同抑爆剂后的火焰最大速度

Table 2. Maximum flame velocity with different explosion suppressants

抑爆剂	平均速度/ (m·s⁻¹)	到达管顶时间/ms	锋面最大速度/(m·s⁻¹)	最大速度时刻/ms
无	28.13	32	126.45	31.00
NaHCO₃	25.00	36	87.00	35.25
MgAl-Cl	23.08	39	105.00	35.25
ZnCr-CO₃	22.50	40	57.60	33.00
CaFe-Cl	21.43	42	98.55	39.00
MgAl-CO₃	20.45	44	86.40	35.00
CuAl-CO₃	19.57	46	49.05	37.00
CaFe-CO₃	13.85	65	48.24	41.25

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