冲击作用下红砂岩动态破坏的围压效应

王磊; 徐敬皓; 张慧梅; 陈世官; 王远鹏

doi:10.11883/bzycj-2025-0304

冲击作用下红砂岩动态破坏的围压效应

doi: 10.11883/bzycj-2025-0304

1.
西安科技大学建筑与土木工程学院，陕西西安 710054
2.
西安科技大学理学院，陕西西安 710054

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金（12172280）

详细信息

作者简介:
王　磊（1982－　），男，博士，副教授，wl2013@xust.edu.cn

通讯作者:
徐敬皓（1996－　），男，硕士研究生，19272994150@163.com

中图分类号: O347.3; TU452
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- 文章访问数: 346
- HTML全文浏览量: 54
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2025-09-15
- 修回日期: 2025-12-09
- 网络出版日期: 2025-12-11

Confinement effect of dynamic failure of red sandstone under impact

1.
School of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Xi'an University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710054, Shaanxi, China
2.
School of Science, Xi'an University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710054, Shaanxi, China

摘要

摘要: 为研究隧道、煤矿围岩在掘进过程中爆破引起的扰动作用，采用自主研发的带围压装置的霍普金森压杆（split Hopkinson pressure bar，SHPB）试验系统，对红砂岩试件进行不同围压等级下的动态压缩试验，以探讨红砂岩在冲击荷载作用下的动态力学响应、破坏模式和能量耗散机制。试验结果表明：无围压状态下，应力-应变曲线呈现“两阶段”特征；而随着围压增加，应力-应变曲线由“两阶段”向“三阶段”变化。围压显著增强了红砂岩的动态抗压强度和峰值应变，二者均表现出显著的应变率效应和围压效应。破坏模式和能量耗散方面，无围压时，岩石试件在较高应变率作用下发生粉碎性破坏；而在围压条件下，试样的破坏程度显著减轻，最终表现为压剪破坏。在相同围压条件下，随着应变率的提高，反射能、反射率、透射能增大，透射率减小；相同应变率条件下，随着围压增大，岩石反射能、反射率减小，透射能、透射率增加；试件动态破坏时，耗散能受应变率与围压的协同调控，当围压恒定时，耗散能及耗散率随应变率增大而增加；当应变率恒定时，二者随围压增大而减小。
- 红砂岩 /
- 围压 /
- SHPB /
- 破坏模式 /
- 能量耗散
Abstract: To investigate the disturbance caused by blasting in the excavation process of tunnel and coal mine surrounding rock, it is urgent to clarify the mechanical response, failure mode and energy dissipation characteristics of red sandstone under dynamic load under confining pressure. In this study, the Split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB) test system with a self-developed active confining pressure control device was used to carry out dynamic compression tests on red sandstone specimens under different confining pressure levels, to explore the dynamic mechanical response, failure mode and energy dissipation mechanism of red sandstone under impact load. The test results show that the stress-strain curve presents a “two stages” characteristics under unconfined condition. and the stress-strain curve changes from a “two stages” to a “three stages” pattern with the increase of confining pressure. The confining pressure significantly enhances the dynamic compressive strength and peak strain of red sandstone, both of which show significant strain rate effect and confining pressure effect. In terms of failure mode and energy dissipation, the rock specimen is crushed when subjected to higher strain rate at unconfined condition. Under confining pressure, the damage degree of the sample is significantly reduced, and finally resulting in compression-shear failure. Under the same confining pressure, the reflection energy and reflectivity increase with the increase of strain rate, while the transmission energy increases with the increase of strain rate and the transmittance decreases with the increase of strain rate. Under the same strain rate, with the increase of confining pressure, the rock reflection energy and reflectivity decrease, the transmission energy and transmittance increase. When the specimen is dynamically damaged, the dissipation energy is regulated by strain rate and confining pressure. When the confining pressure is constant, the dissipation energy and dissipation rate increase with the increase of strain rate. When the strain rate is constant, both the dissipation energy and dissipation rate decrease with the increase of confining pressure.
- red sandstone /
- confining pressure /
- SHPB /
- destruction mode /
- energy dissipation

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图 1 标准试样

Figure 1. Standard specimen

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图 2 SHPB系统

Figure 2. SHPB system

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图 3 围压条件下的SHPB冲击压缩试验方案

Figure 3. SHPB impact compression test scheme under confining pressure

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图 4 应力-应变曲线示意图

Figure 4. Diagram of stress-strain curve

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图 5 红砂岩试件动态应力-应变曲线

Figure 5. Dynamic stress-strain curve of red sandstone specimens

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图 6 动态抗压强度随应变率变化

Figure 6. Dynamic compressive strength with strain rate variation

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图 7 动态抗压强度随围压变化

Figure 7. Dynamic compressive strength with variation of confining pressure

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图 8 峰值应变随应变率变化曲线

Figure 8. Peak strain versus strain rate curve

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图 9 峰值应变随围压变化曲线

Figure 9. Curve of peak strain with confining pressure

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图 10 试件的破坏模式（σ₃=0 MPa）

Figure 10. Failure mode of specimens with σ₃=0 MPa

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图 11 试件的破坏模式（$ \dot{\varepsilon } $=161～169 s⁻¹）

Figure 11. Failure mode of specimens with $ \dot{\varepsilon }$=161～169 s⁻¹

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图 12 应变率和围压对反射和透射的影响

Figure 12. Effects of strain rate and confining pressure on reflection and transmission

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图 13 耗散能与应变率的关系

Figure 13. The relationship between dissipated energy and strain rate

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图 14 耗散率与应变率的关系

Figure 14. The relationship between dissipation rate and strain rate

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表 1 红砂岩基本物理力学参数

Table 1. Basic physical and mechanical parameters of red sandstone

孔隙度/%	密度/(kg∙m⁻³)	单轴抗压强度/MPa	纵波波速/(m·s⁻¹)	静态弹性模量/GPa
14.30	2 238	27.78	3 012	9.24

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表 2 红砂岩试件动态力学参数

Table 2. Dynamic mechanical parameters of red sandstone specimens

σ₃/MPa	$ \dot{\varepsilon } $/s⁻¹	峰值应变/%	峰值应力/MPa	σ₃/MPa	$ \dot{\varepsilon } $/s⁻¹	峰值应变/%	峰值应力/MPa
0	133.4	0.49	48.9	1	141.2	0.84	144.2
	149.6	0.60	54.2		152.3	0.92	151.9
	161.3	0.76	63.6		169.2	0.98	158.0
	172.2	0.81	77.3		179.6	1.23	166.5
0.5	136.8	0.83	135.3	1.5	142.3	0.93	150.7
	155.2	0.88	139.4		157.8	1.07	157.9
	167.3	0.95	146.6		163.5	1.15	166.2
	175.8	1.12	156.5		177	1.43	178.4

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表 3 围岩条件下红砂岩冲击能量

Table 3. Impact energy of red sandstone under surrounding rock conditions

围压/MPa	应变率/s⁻¹	入射能W_I/J	反射能W_R/J	透射能W_T/J	耗散能W_L/J
0	133.4	190.4	135.1	23.3	32.0
	149.6	206.3	138.1	34.0	34.2
	161.3	225.9	143.2	40.1	42.6
	172.2	251.3	150.1	54.2	47.0
0.5	136.8	195.4	125.3	39.0	31.1
	155.2	210.3	129.5	46.7	34.1
	167.3	230.9	133.6	55.5	41.8
	175.8	255.3	139.9	69.9	45.5
1.0	141.2	196.5	120.2	46.0	30.3
	152.3	207.3	123.4	49.7	34.2
	169.2	235.9	129.3	67.7	39.0
	179.6	262.3	132.5	85.7	44.1
1.5	142.3	197.4	114.0	59.1	24 3
	157.8	211.3	116.1	68.3	26.9
	163.5	229.9	122.7	75.6	31.6
	177.0	259.3	126.3	96.2	36.8

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