Blast performance of ultra-high performance concrete panels under intermediate-to-far-field explosive loading
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摘要: 为评估超高性能混凝土（ultra-high performance concrete, UHPC）板在中远距离爆炸荷载下的抗爆性能，开展了系列场地爆炸试验，系统分析了不同比例爆距对试件破坏模式的影响，并通过四点弯试验探讨了爆后残余承载力变化规律。试验结果表明，UHPC板在中远距离爆炸下整体结构保持完整，呈现典型弯曲损伤模式，背爆面损伤集中于跨中区域。为深入揭示UHPC板的动力响应机理，建立了等效单自由度（equivalent single-degree-of-freedom, SDOF）理论分析模型，对不同比例爆距下靶板的跨中峰值挠度进行了预测。理论分析表明，SDOF方法在预测跨中峰值挠度方面精度较高，但在损伤较轻时存在一定高估。为进一步研究UHPC板破坏机理，采用连续面帽盖模型（CSC）对UHPC板的爆炸响应进行了有限元模拟。模拟结果与试验结果高度吻合，验证了有限元模型的准确性。考虑到材料力学性能的不确定性，引入高斯自相关空间随机场建立随机有限元模型，当自相关长度为10~20 mm时，预测的损伤特征与实际高度一致。本研究验证了UHPC在中远距离爆炸下的优异抗爆性能，证明了随机有限元模型的有效性，并揭示了材料变异性对UHPC结构抗爆性能评估的重要影响。Abstract: In order to study the blast performance of ultra-high performance concrete (UHPC) panels under intermedium-to-far-field explosion loading, a series of field blast tests were conducted to systematically analyze the influence of scaled blast distances on the failure modes of the specimens. To evaluate the dynamic response of the panels, post-blast and residual strength were investigated through four-point bending tests. To understand the dynamic response mechanism, an equivalent single-degree-of-freedom (SDOF) model was established to predict the mid-span peak deflection under different scaled blast distances. Finite element simulations of the UHPC panels under blast loading were performed using the continuous surface cap (CSC) model to further explore the failure mechanism. Considering uncertainties in material mechanical properties, a stochastic finite element model was developed by introducing a Gaussian autocorrelated spatial random field. The results indicate that UHPC panels maintain structural integrity under intermedium-to-far-field explosion, exhibiting a typical flexural damage mode; damage on the back surface is concentrated in the mid-span region. As the scaled blast distance increased, the extent of damage in the UHPC panels decreased significantly. The deterministic finite element model accurately predicted the blast response of the UHPC panel. The analysis showed that the SDOF method provided accurate predictions of mid-span peak deflection though it tended to overestimate deflection in cases of minor damage where significant plastic deformation did not occur. The random finite element model, by incorporating Gaussian auto-correlated random fields, accounted for the uncertainty in mechanical properties of the material and demonstrated superior simulation results. An increase in the compressive strength of UHPC gradually reduces the mid-span peak deflection, highlighting the effect of material strength on panel deformation. Furthermore, when the auto-correlation length of the random field is within the range of 10 mm to 20 mm, the damage characteristics predicted by the model are highly consistent with the actual observations. This study verifies the excellent blast resistance of UHPC under intermedium-to-far-range explosions, demonstrates the effectiveness of the random finite element model, and reveals the significant influence of material variability on the blast resistance assessment of UHPC structures.
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图 4 四点弯曲试验装置和几何尺寸标注（单位为mm）
Figure 4. Four-point bending test device and geometric dimensions (unit in mm)
图 7 自相关三维随机场（俯视图）和统计分布
Figure 7. Auto-correlation three-dimensional random fields (top view) and statistical distributions
图 13 确定性有限元模型模拟结果
Figure 13. Simulation results of the deterministic finite element model
图 15 不同荷载条件下UHPC靶板跨中扰度随时间的变化
Figure 15. Mid-span deflection-time curves of UHPC panels under different load conditions
图 16 不同强度UHPC靶板数值模拟结果
Figure 16. Numerical simulation results of UHPC panels with different compressive strength
图 17 不同抗压强度UHPC靶板跨中挠度的比较
Figure 17. Comparison of deflection at mid-span for UHPC panels with different compressive strengths
图 19 不同自相关长度UHPC靶板数值模拟结果
Figure 19. Numerical simulation results of UHPC panels with different auto-correlation length
表 1 UHPC材料配合比
Table 1. Mixing proportions of UHPC kg/m3
水泥 硅灰 精细砂 水 减水剂 钢纤维 1000 250 1100 200 50 180 
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表 2 UHPC靶板初始承载力的极限荷载与跨中挠度
Table 2. Ultimate loads and mid-span deflections for initial load capacity of UHPC panels
试件编号 极限荷载/kN 极限荷载挠度/mm U-1 177.5 20.45 U-2 173.8 18.58
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表 3 UHPC靶板残余承载力的极限荷载和跨中挠度
Table 3. Ultimate loads and mid-span deflections for residual load capacity of UHPC panels
试件编号 残余极限荷载/kN 初始极限荷载/kN 极限荷载挠度/mm U-0.8 161.7 177.5 15.28 U-1.0 179.9 173.8 13.28
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表 4 UHPC靶板跨中峰值挠度对比
Table 4. Comparison of peak deflections at mid-span for UHPC panels
试件 峰值挠度/mm 误差/% 试件 试验 模拟 SDOF 模拟对试验 SDOF对试验 SDOF对模拟 U-0.8 − 5.13 4.93 − − −3.89 U-1.0 3.42 3.23 4.35 −5.6 27.20 34.67
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表 5 不同强度UHPC靶板跨中峰值挠度对比
Table 5. Comparison of peak deflection at mid-span for UHPC panels with different compressive strength
试件编号 抗压强度/MPa 跨中峰值挠度 数值模拟值/mm SDOF计算值/mm SDOF计算值与模拟值之间的相对误差/% U-100 100 5.59 5.23 −6.4 U-110 110 5.36 5.16 −3.7 U-120 120 5.13 4.93 −3.9 U-130 130 4.62 4.77 3.2 U-140 140 4.32 4.62 6.9
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