摘要:
随着爆炸事故突发性和发生频率的持续上升，事故爆炸当量作为评估爆炸威力的关键参数，其快速获取对于毁伤评估与应急响应与毁伤评估具有至关重要的作用。为此本文提出了一种基于爆炸音视频信息的事故爆炸当量反演方法，通过分析爆炸出现火光至波到达的时间差实现对爆炸威力的定量评估。基于Hopkinson-Cranz比例定律、Rankine-Hugoniot方程及自由场与近地超压模型，引入冲击波衰减至声波阶段的临界比例距离参数，构建了基于双波走时的当量反演理论模型。通过开展近地与空中爆炸试验，揭示了两种工况下的波速变化规律，验证了所建模型的有效性与适用性，并分析了爆炸高度、帧率和取帧方式对于三种模型当量预测精度的影响。结果表明：近地爆炸工况下地面反射效应会显著提高爆炸波传播速度，与传统的经验公式及结合声波走时的改进公式相比，本文提出的双波理论模型充分考虑了冲击波与声波的传播特性差异及近地爆炸中的地面反射效应，在爆炸高度、帧率、取帧方式等多因素的影响下，表现出更好的稳定性和更优的预测精度。本研究提出的音视频融合反演方法为事故爆炸当量快速评估方面提供了新的技术途径，在公共安全应急响应与防护领域具有广阔应用前景。
Abstract:
With the continuous increase in the suddenness and frequency of explosion accidents, the rapid acquisition of the explosion yield, as a key parameter for evaluating the explosion power, plays a crucial role in damage assessment and emergency response. Therefore, this paper proposes a method for inverting the explosion yield based on audio and video information of the explosion. By analyzing the time difference between the appearance of firelight and the arrival of the wave, a quantitative assessment of the explosion power is achieved. Based on the Hopkinson-Cranz proportionality law, the Rankine-Hugoniot equation, and the free-field and near-ground overpressure models, the critical proportion distance parameter during the attenuation of the shock wave to the sound wave stage is introduced, and a theoretical model for yield inversion based on the travel time of the two waves is constructed. Through near-ground and air explosion experiments, the wave velocity variation laws under the two conditions are revealed, the validity and applicability of the established model are verified, and the influences of explosion height, frame rate, and frame extraction method on the prediction accuracy of the three models are analyzed. The results show that in the near-ground explosion condition, the ground reflection effect significantly increases the propagation speed of the explosion wave. Compared with the empirical formula based on the travel time of the shock wave and the improved formula combining the travel time of the sound wave, the dual-wave theoretical model proposed in this paper fully considers the differences in the propagation characteristics of the shock wave and the sound wave and the ground reflection effect in near-ground explosions. Under the influence of multiple factors such as explosion height, frame rate, and frame extraction method, it shows better stability and higher prediction accuracy. The audio-video fusion inversion method proposed in this study provides a new technical approach for the rapid assessment of the explosion yield and has broad application prospects in the field of public safety emergency response and protection.
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