Study on the variation law of explosion strength parameters in Hydrogen/Titanium dust two-phase systems
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摘要: 在钛基固态金属储氢技术应用及钛金属制品生产加工过程中极易形成氢气/钛粉两相体系，具有较高的爆炸风险。为研究氢气/钛粉两相体系爆炸特性，采用20 L球形爆炸装置，在氢气体积分数为0%～30%、钛粉粉尘浓度为100～700 g/m3范围内，对氢气/钛粉两相体系爆炸强度参数变化规律进行了研究，并结合爆炸产物，分析了爆炸强度参数变化规律形成机理。结果表明，氢气的存在会显著影响钛粉的爆炸强度。总体上，不同粉尘浓度钛粉的爆炸压力随氢气体积分数的增大先减小后增大再减小，当氢气体积分数为4%时降至最低，当氢气体积分数为29%时增至最大；不同粉尘浓度钛粉的爆炸压力上升速率随氢气体积分数增大先减小后增大，当氢气体积分数为4%时降至最低，当氢气体积分数为30%时增至最大。氢气/钛粉两相体系最大爆炸压力同样随氢气体积分数的增大先减小后增大再减小，在氢气体积分数为4%时降至最低，在氢气体积分数为29%时达到峰值；最大爆炸压力上升速率随氢气体积分数的增大先减小后增大，当氢气体积分数为4%时达到最小值，随后持续上升，在氢气体积分数为30%时达到峰值。爆炸产物分析结果表明，低浓度氢气会导致或加剧钛粉的不完全氧化反应，进而导致钛粉爆炸强度的降低；当氢气体积分数增至临界值后，氢气的自主燃烧将促进钛粉与氮气之间的反应，并促使爆炸过程由异相燃烧向均相燃烧转变，进而导致钛粉爆炸强度的增大。Abstract: The advancement of titanium-based solid-state hydrogen storage technologies and titanium manufacturing processes inherently involves the formation of hydrogen/titanium dust hybrid mixtures, which present substantial explosion hazards. To investigate the explosion behavior of such two-phase systems, this study systematically examined the variation patterns of explosion intensity parameters in hydrogen/titanium dust hybrid systems using a standardized 20 L spherical explosion vessel. The experimental matrix covers hydrogen volume fraction ranging from 0% to 30% and titanium dust mass concentrations from 100 to 700 g/m3. Specifically, titanium dust concentrations were tested at seven discrete levels (100, 200, 300, 400, 500, 600, and 700 g/m3), while hydrogen concentrations were selected at eight critical values (4%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 29%, and 30%). Dynamic parameters, including explosion pressure and rate of explosion pressure rise, were synchronously recorded. Furthermore, the phase composition and surface chemical states of explosion residues were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). This integrated approach provides in-depth insights into the macroscopic evolution of explosion intensity with varying gas-solid ratios and elucidates the underlying microscopic reaction mechanisms. Experimental results demonstrate that hydrogen concentration critically modulates explosion severity. The explosion pressure exhibits a characteristic three-stage dependence on hydrogen concentration: it initially decreases, reaching a minimum at 4% H2, subsequently increases to a maximum at 29% H2, and finally declines at higher concentrations. Correspondingly, the maximum rate of pressure rise rate decreases to its lowest value at 4% H2 before increasing continuously up to 30% H2. The maximum explosion pressure shows an analogous trend, peaking at 29% H2 after an initial reduction, while the maximum rate of pressure rise reaches its minimum at 4% H2 and peaks at 30% H2. Residue analysis indicates that at low hydrogen concentrations (<4%), incomplete oxidation of titanium predominates, thereby reducing explosion intensity. Beyond the critical threshold of 4% H2, hydrogen self-combustion promotes titanium-nitrogen reactions and facilitates the transition from heterogeneous to homogeneous combustion, significantly enhancing explosion severity. This investigation provides fundamental insights into the explosion dynamics of hydrogen/titanium dust mixtures and delivers essential parameters for risk assessment and safety mitigation in related industrial applications.
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Key words:
- titanium powder /
- hydrogen /
- two-phase system /
- explosion pressure /
- explosion pressure rise rate
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图 5 氢气/钛粉两相体系爆炸压力变化规律
Figure 5. H2/Ti two-phase system explosion pressure ariation law
图 6 氢气/钛粉两相体系爆炸压力上升速率变化规律
Figure 6. H2/Ti two-phase system explosion pressure rise rate variation pattern
图 7 氢气/钛粉两相体系的最大爆炸压力与最大爆炸压力上升速率变化规律
Figure 7. Variation patterns of the maximum explosion pressure and the maximum explosion pressure rise rate in H2/Ti powder two-phase systems
表 1 不同氢气体积分数氛围下钛粉的最大爆炸压力与最大爆炸压力上升速率
Table 1. Maximum explosion pressure and maximum explosion pressure rise rate of Ti dust at different H2 volume fractions
氢气体积
分数/%最大爆炸
压力/MPa最大爆炸压力上升
速率/(MPa·s–1)0 0.56 24.76 4 0.54 21.37 5 0.56 36.46 10 0.60 71.54 15 0.65 170.04 20 0.67 231.21 25 0.73 272.26 29 0.80 299.33 30 0.78 315.25 
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