弹体正贯穿混凝土靶开坑崩落的破坏效应

李鹏程; 刘闯; 陈昌金; 邓勇军; 张先锋

doi:10.11883/bzycj-2026-0002

弹体正贯穿混凝土靶开坑崩落的破坏效应

doi: 10.11883/bzycj-2026-0002

李鹏程^{1, 2,},
刘闯²,
陈昌金³,
邓勇军⁴,
张先锋^2, ,

1.
西南科技大学土木工程与建筑学院，四川绵阳 621010
2.
南京理工大学机械工程学院，江苏南京 210094
3.
中国兵器装备集团自动化研究所有限公司，四川绵阳 621000
4.
西南科技大学航空航天学院，四川绵阳 621010

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金（12502456，U2441209，U2541240）；中央引导地方科技发展项目（2025ZYDF014）

详细信息

作者简介:
李鹏程（1996－　），男，博士研究生，987323971@qq.com

通讯作者:
张先锋（1978－　），男，博士，教授，博士生导师，lynx@njust.edu.cn

中图分类号: O385
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- 文章访问数: 500
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2025-12-29
- 修回日期: 2026-04-02
- 网络出版日期: 2026-04-23

Cratering and spalling damage effects of projectiles normally perforating concrete targets

1.
School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, Sichuan, China
2.
School of Mechanical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, Jiangsu, China
3.
China Ordnance Equipment Group Automation Research Institute Co., Ltd., Mianyang 621000, Sichuan, China
4.
School of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, Sichuan, China

摘要

摘要: 为深入分析弹体贯穿混凝土靶的破坏效应及其对侵彻过程的影响，开展了系统性理论研究工作。基于弹体正贯穿混凝土靶的崩落破坏现象，建立了崩落效应模型，并结合开坑效应模型与靶体阻力函数，构建了综合考虑开坑效应和崩落效应的侵彻理论模型，进而分析了靶厚、撞击速度对侵彻过程及靶体破坏参数的影响规律。研究结果表明：随着混凝土厚度减小或撞击速度增大，崩落效应对侵彻阻力及剩余速度的影响程度减弱，崩落阶段飞溅区占比增大，飞溅效应成为影响崩落阶段阻力的主导因素；当靶厚大于4.5倍弹径时，崩落效应对靶后剩余速度的影响超过10%，不可忽略；开坑深度随厚度增大先线性增加（厚度小于等于4倍弹径）后趋于稳定，崩落深度随厚度增大先线性增加（厚度小于等于6.9倍弹径）后线性减小；在线性增大阶段，开坑深度与崩落深度均约为靶厚的一半；与薄靶相比，撞击速度变化对厚靶的开坑深度与崩落深度影响更为显著。所建模型能有效表征了混凝土靶的破坏效应，可为混凝土靶侵彻分析与防护设计提供理论依据。
- 弹体 /
- 正侵彻 /
- 混凝土靶 /
- 开坑效应 /
- 崩落效应
Abstract: To further analyze the damage effects of projectile penetration into concrete targets and their influence on the penetration process, a systematic theoretical investigation was carried out. A spalling effect model was established based on the spalling phenomenon observed during normal perforation of concrete targets by projectiles. By integrating this model with the cratering effect model and the target resistance function, a theoretical model for penetration that comprehensively accounts for both cratering and spalling effects was developed. By means of the presented model, the influence of target thickness and impact velocity on the penetration process and target damage parameters were analyzed. The results show that as the concrete target thickness decreases or the impact velocity increases, the influence of the spalling effect on penetration resistance and residual velocity diminishes, while the proportion of the splash zone during the spalling stage increases, making the splash effect the dominant factor affecting resistance in the spalling stage. When the target thickness exceeds 4.5 times the projectile diameter, the influence of the spalling effect on the residual velocity exceeds 10%, rendering the spalling effect non-negligible. Cratering depth increases linearly with thickness when the thickness is not more than 4 times the projectile diameter, and then tends to stabilize. Spalling depth increases linearly with thickness when the thickness is not more than 6.9 times the projectile diameter, and then decreases linearly. During the linear increase stage, both cratering depth and spalling depth are approximately half of the concrete target thickness. Compared with perforation of thin concrete targets, variations in impact velocity exhibit a more pronounced influence on the crater depth and spalling depth during the penetration of thick concrete targets. The proposed model effectively characterizes the damage effects of concrete targets and can provide a theoretical basis for penetration analysis and protective design of concrete targets.
- projectile /
- normal penetration /
- concrete targets /
- cratering effect /
- spalling effect

HTML全文

图 1 弹体贯穿混凝土靶崩落破坏过程^[21,28]

Figure 1. Spalling failure process during perforation of a concrete target by a projectile^[21,28]

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图 2 弹体贯穿混凝土靶的崩落效应

Figure 2. Spalling effect during perforation of a concrete target by a projectile

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图 3 混凝土靶的破坏形貌示意图

Figure 3. Schematic of concrete target failure pattern

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图 4 崩落飞溅阶段弹体表面微元飞溅流线

Figure 4. Ejecta streamlines during spallation ejection phase

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图 5 弹体贯穿混凝土靶计算流程

Figure 5. The calculation process for a projectile perforating a concrete target

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图 6 弹体贯穿混凝土靶的剩余速度计算结果与试验结果^[3-4]

Figure 6. Comparison of calculated and experimental^[3-4] residual velocities of projectiles perforating concrete targets

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图 7 弹体贯穿混凝土靶的靶体典型破坏形貌计算结果与试验结果^[4]

Figure 7. Comparison of calculated and experimental^[4] failure patterns

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图 8 弹体贯穿混凝土靶的过载、剩余速度和忽略崩落效应的模型计算误差

Figure 8. Acceleration, residual velocity and calculation errors of the model neglecting caving effects of the projectile perforating concrete targets

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图 9 飞溅效应区域深度和仅有损伤效应区域深度占比

Figure 9. Proportion of ejection effect zone depth and damage-only effect zone depth

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图 10 混凝土靶的开坑深度和崩落深度

Figure 10. Cratering depth and spalling depth of the concrete targets

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图 11 弹体贯穿75和200 mm厚混凝土靶的过载

Figure 11. Acceleration of the projectile perforating concrete targets of 75 and 200 mm thickness

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图 12 飞溅效应区域深度占比

Figure 12. Proportion of ejection effect zone depth

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图 13 弹体贯穿75和200 mm厚混凝土靶的剩余速度和忽略崩落效应的模型计算误差

Figure 13. Residual velocity and calculation errors of the model neglecting caving effects of the projectile perforating concrete targets of 75 and 200 mm thickness

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图 14 混凝土靶的开坑深度和崩落深度

Figure 14. Cratering depth and spalling depth of the concrete targets

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表 1 弹、靶参数^[3-4]

Table 1. Parameters for projectile and target^[3-4]

v₀/(m·s⁻¹)	d_a/mm	r/mm	ψ	M/g	σ_cf/MPa	H_t/mm	来源
400～800	10	12.65	3	428	41	100/150/200	文献[3]
400.8, 415.4	15	32	3	5052/5304	34.26	400/500	文献[4]

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表 2 开坑深度、崩落深度计算结果与试验结果^[3-4]

Table 2. Comparison of calculated and experimental^[3-4] results for crater depth and scabbing depth

工况	v₀/(m·s⁻¹)	H_t/mm	模型计算结果		试验结果
工况	v₀/(m·s⁻¹)	H_t/mm	H_c/mm	H_s/mm	H_c/mm	H_s/mm	来源
1	423	100	54	46	50	50	文献[3]
2	520	100	53	47	50	50
3	536	100	53	47	50	50
4	539	100	53	47	35	40
5	549	100	53	47	50	50
6	601	100	53	47	45	55
7	607	100	53	47	50	50
8	634	100	53	47	50	50
9	640	100	52	48	50	50
10	665	100	52	48	50	50
11	729	100	52	48	50	50
12	536	150	54	74	50	65
13	603	150	58	75	50	60
14	643	150	56	76	50	50
15	721	150	57	77	50	55
16	540	200	54	72	50	65
17	597	200	58	74	55	70
18	641	200	56	75	60	65
19	400.8	400	147	206	136	182	文献[4]
20	415.4	500	143	203	166	245	文献[4]

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