多层纸蜂窝结构的冲击吸能机制及包装缓冲应用

邓发杨; 张晓晴; 吴志斌; 龙舒畅; 杨杰

doi:10.11883/bzycj-2026-0005

多层纸蜂窝结构的冲击吸能机制及包装缓冲应用

doi: 10.11883/bzycj-2026-0005

邓发杨^1,,
张晓晴¹,
吴志斌^2, ,,
龙舒畅^1, ,,
杨杰²

1.
华南理工大学土木与交通学院，广东广州 510641
2.
中国商飞上海飞机设计研究院，中国上海 201210

详细信息

作者简介:
邓发杨（2001－　），男，硕士研究生，202320107256@mail.scut.edu.cn

通讯作者:
吴志斌（1984－　），男，硕士研究生，研究员，wuzhibin@comac.cc

龙舒畅（1989－　），男，博士，副教授，longsc@scut.edu.cn

中图分类号: V214.6
计量
- 文章访问数: 203
- HTML全文浏览量: 23
- PDF下载量: 66
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2026-01-05
- 修回日期: 2026-03-16
- 网络出版日期: 2026-03-16

Study on the impact energy absorption mechanism and packaging cushioning application of multilayer paper honeycomb structure

1.
School of Civil Engineering and Transportation, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, Guangdong, China
2.
COMAC Shanghai Aircraft Design and Research Institute, Shanghai 201210 , China

摘要

摘要: 在包装领域中，用于保护产品的蜂窝纸板用量设计大多依赖于经验，易造成浪费。基于多层纸蜂窝结构的缓冲特性和脆值理论，构建了一套等厚约束下的包装结构快速设计方法。首先，通过静态压缩与动态冲击试验，获取了不同构型蜂窝材料的力-位移曲线和能量吸收特性，同时结合数值模拟方法，揭示了不同构型在加载过程中的变形模式与力学响应机制。基于试验所得的结构缓冲特性数据，实现多层蜂窝包装结构的快速参数化设计，并通过有限元模型对设计方案的缓冲效果进行了数值验证。结果表明，在静压试验中，三层纸蜂窝结构的有效吸能比单层纸蜂窝结构多吸收65.1%的能量，其应力-应变曲线呈现明显的多次平台应力区域，在冲击荷载作用下，三层纸蜂窝在受到小于81.6 J的能量冲击下，未进入致密段，而单层纸蜂窝结构在受到大于53.8 J的能量冲击下，出现力值陡增现象，多层纸蜂窝结构在冲击下具备更优的吸能特性。基于脆值和试验所得多层蜂窝结构的缓冲特性进行结构包装逆向设计，在有限元模型中进行验证，证明了设计方法的有效性。与现有蜂窝包装结构设计方法相比，该方法具备更高的效率和准确性，在缓冲包装结构设计和其它冲击领域中具备一定前景。
- 多层纸蜂窝结构 /
- 缓冲性能 /
- 脆值 /
- 包装设计
Abstract: In the field of packaging design, the use of paper honeycomb structures largely relies on empirical experience, which often results in material waste. This study develops a rapid design method for packaging structures based on the fragility theory, under equal thickness constraints, utilizing the buffering characteristics of multi-layer paper honeycomb structures. By conducting static compression and dynamic impact tests, the force-displacement curves and energy absorption characteristics of different honeycomb configurations were obtained. Simultaneously, numerical simulation methods were used to reveal the deformation modes and mechanical response mechanisms of various configurations during the loading process. Based on the structural buffering characteristic data obtained from the experiments, a rapid parametric design of multi-layer honeycomb packaging structures was achieved, and the buffering performance of the design scheme was verified through finite element models. The results show that in the static compression test, the triple-layer paper honeycomb absorbs 65.1% more energy than the single-layer paper honeycomb structure, and its stress-strain curve exhibits multiple distinct plateau stress regions. Under impact loading, the triple-layer paper honeycomb does not enter the densification stage when subjected to an impact energy of less than 81.6 J, whereas the force value of the single-layer paper honeycomb structure increases sharply under an impact energy exceeding 53.8 J. These findings indicate that the multi-layer paper honeycomb structure possesses better energy absorption characteristics under impact. Based on the fragility and the experimentally obtained buffering characteristics of the multi-layer honeycomb structure, a reverse design method for structural packaging is developed and validated through finite element modeling, confirming the effectiveness of the design approach. Compared with existing honeycomb packaging structure design methods, this proposed approach demonstrates significantly higher efficiency and accuracy. It not only reduces redundant design iterations, but also holds considerable promise for applications in cushioning packaging structure design and other impact fields.
- multi-layer paper honeycomb structure /
- buffering characteristics /
- fragility /
- packaging design

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图 1 蜂窝六边形结构尺寸

Figure 1. Geometry of hexagonal honeycomb cells

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图 2 纸蜂窝试件

Figure 2. Specimens of paper honeycomb structure

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图 3 纸张拉伸试验

Figure 3. Quasi-static tensile test setup

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图 4 纸张拉伸应变场

Figure 4. Strain field distribution during paper tensile testing

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图 5 纸张应力-应变曲线

Figure 5. Tensile stress-strain curves of paper

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图 6 压缩试验的装置

Figure 6. Setup for the compression test

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图 7 蜂窝结构力-位移曲线

Figure 7. Load-displacement curves of various honeycomb structures

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图 8 不同构型蜂窝结构的准静态压缩性能表征对比

Figure 8. Comparison of quasi-static compression performance for different honeycomb configurations

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图 9 落锤试验图

Figure 9. Schematic of the drop weight impact test system

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图 10 不同能量冲击下结构力-位移对比图

Figure 10. Comparison of load-displacement responses under different impact energies

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图 11 不同网格尺寸的有限元模型

Figure 11. Finite element models with different mesh sizes

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图 12 不同网格尺寸下的最大冲击力

Figure 12. Predicted maximum impact forces for different mesh sizes

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图 13 有限元模型详细视图

Figure 13. Detailed view of the finite element model

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图 14 不同应变率下蜂窝芯纸应力应变曲线

Figure 14. Stress-strain curves of honeycomb core paper at various strain rates

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图 15 不同构型蜂窝压缩试验与模拟对比

Figure 15. Comparison of experimental and simulated results for different honeycomb configurations

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图 16 试验和模拟的力-时间对比

Figure 16. Comparison of experimental and simulated force-time histories

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图 17 冲击试验与模拟的形貌结果对比

Figure 17. Comparison of experimental and simulated impact deformation modes

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图 18 单层蜂窝变形的试验与模拟结果对比

Figure 18. Comparison of experimental and simulated deformation modes for single-layer honeycomb

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图 19 双层蜂窝变形的试验与模拟结果对比

Figure 19. Comparison of experimental and simulated deformation modes for double-layer honeycomb

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图 20 三层蜂窝变形的试验与模拟结果对比

Figure 20. Comparison of experimental and simulated deformation modes for triple-layer honeycomb

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图 21 压缩过程中塑性铰个数对比

Figure 21. Comparison of the number of plastic hinges formed during compression

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图 22 纸蜂窝结构的冲击变形图

Figure 22. Morphologies of honeycomb during impact

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图 23 不同构型蜂窝结构的抗冲击性能

Figure 23. Impact resistance performance of honeycomb structures

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图 24 脆值的验证选点

Figure 24. Selection of verification points for the fragility

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图 25 结构保护区

Figure 25. Structural protection regions

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图 26 三层蜂窝包装结构的跌落模型

Figure 26. Drop test finite element model of the triple-layer honeycomb packaging structure

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图 27 产品的加速度曲线

Figure 27. Acceleration response of the protected product

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表 1 纸蜂窝结构信息

Table 1. Structural parameters of paper honeycombs

纸蜂窝结构	尺寸a×b×t/mm	构造/mm
单层纸蜂窝	100×100×30	30
双层纸蜂窝	100×100×30	10+20
三层纸蜂窝	100×100×30	10+10+10

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表 2 纸张力学性能参数

Table 2. Mechanical properties of paper materials

	定量/(g·m⁻²)	弹性模量/MPa	泊松比	断裂强度/MPa
蜂窝芯纸	120	798.707	0.32	12.58
蜂窝面纸	160	2 525.670	0.31	33.18
注：定量即为克重，定量=厚度×密度。

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表 3 冲击试验工况表

Table 3. Matrix of impact test conditions

工况编号	冲击高度/mm	冲击能量/J
a-1	350	23.7
a-2		23.7
a-3		23.7
b-1	350	36.6
b-2		36.6
b-3		36.6
c-1	350	53.8
c-2		53.8
c-3		53.8
d-1	350	71.1
d-2		71.1
d-3		71.1
e-1	350	/
e-2		81.6
e-3		81.6

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表 4 有限元模型材料属性

Table 4. Material properties of finite element model

模型部件	密度/ (kg·m⁻³)	弹性模量/ GPa	泊松比	屈服强度/ MPa
蜂窝面纸	695	2.525	0.30	20.3
蜂窝芯纸（0.001 s⁻¹）	520	0.800	0.32	7.3
蜂窝芯纸（50 s⁻¹）	520	0.800	0.32	21.4
钢板	7 890	210.000	0.31	220.0

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表 5 模拟与试验的结果对比

Table 5. Comparison between simulation and experimental results

纸蜂窝结构	峰值应力			致密应变
纸蜂窝结构	试验/MPa	模拟/MPa	误差/%	试验	模拟	误差/%
单层蜂窝	0.203	0.202	0.5	0.74	0.71	4
双层蜂窝	0.244	0.241	1.1	0.73	0.74	1.3
三层蜂窝	0.253	0.254	0.3	0.73	0.72	1.3

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表 6 落锤试验最大加速度-静应力结果

Table 6. Results of maximum acceleration and static stress from drop weight tests

落锤质量/kg	静应力/kPa			最大加速度/g
落锤质量/kg	单层纸蜂窝	双层纸蜂窝	三层纸蜂窝	单层纸蜂窝	双层纸蜂窝	三层纸蜂窝
6.92	6.78	6.78	6.78	51.2	59.6	71.0
10.68	10.47	10.47	10.47	43.9	54.4	55.8
15.68	15.37	15.37	15.37	30.0	31.7	37.5
20.72	20.30	20.30	20.30	58.3	26.0	18.3
23.80	23.30	23.30	23.30		25.3	16.0

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