超重力场下水下爆炸多气泡耦合特性研究

郭权势; 卢强; 张亮永; 吴祖堂; 丁洋; 郭志昀; 方厚林

doi:10.11883/bzycj-2026-0060

超重力场下水下爆炸多气泡耦合特性研究

doi: 10.11883/bzycj-2026-0060

西北核技术研究所强脉冲辐射环境模拟与效应全国重点实验室，陕西西安 710024

详细信息

作者简介:
郭权势（1994－　），男，硕士，助理研究员，guoquanshi@nint.ac.cn

通讯作者:
方厚林（1987－　），男，博士，副研究员，fanghoulin@nint.ac.cn

中图分类号: O383.1
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- 文章访问数: 393
- HTML全文浏览量: 41
- PDF下载量: 81
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2026-02-11
- 修回日期: 2026-06-16
- 网络出版日期: 2026-06-22

Study on multi-bubble coupling characteristics in underwater explosions under hypergravity conditions

(National Key Laboratory of Intense Pulsed Radiation Simulation and Effect, Northwest Institute of Nuclear Technology, Xi’an 710024, Shaan’xi, China

摘要

摘要: 在众多研究水下多点爆炸气泡耦合及形态演化特性的方法中，基于离心机的超重力水下爆炸实验因同时满足Mach数和Froude数相似，被认为是大当量水下爆炸原型实验研究的最佳手段之一。本文对超重力场下水下多点爆炸气泡间的耦合规律开展了实验和数值研究。首先开展了离心加速度为100g（g为重力加速度）的超重力环境下的水下两点爆炸实验，通过高速相机高精度捕捉了双气泡形态的演化过程。然后，利用基于实验数据验证的超重力水下多点爆炸数值模型进一步探究了重力场对水下爆炸双气泡耦合形态演化及特征参数的影响。结果表明，较大重力场下，水下爆炸气泡的形态演化、脉动和迁移特性与常重力场存在显著差异，超重力这一极端条件会强化压力梯度与浮力效应，导致射流行为呈现独特规律。超重力环境增大了流场中的垂向压力梯度，增强了气泡表面的不稳定性，引发了更强烈的流体加速运动，促使气泡迁移速度加快；超重力场造成了气泡脉动的“时空压缩效应”，同时改变了气泡系统的浮力-惯性力关系，对气泡射流方向和气泡间的相互作用强度影响较大，进而改变了双气泡系统中能量的分布。
- 水下爆炸 /
- 气泡耦合 /
- 超重力 /
- 气泡脉动 /
- 射流
Abstract: The bubble coupling and morphological evolution characteristics in underwater multipoint explosions have long been a focus of research. Among various research approaches, the centrifuge-based hypergravity underwater explosion experiments have emerged as one of the most effective methods for conducting prototype experiments on large-yield underwater explosions, owing to its simultaneous satisfaction of both the Mach number and the Froude number. This study presents both experimental and numerical investigation into the coupling dynamics of underwater multipoint explosion bubbles under hypergravity conditions. First, two-point underwater explosion experiments were conducted under a hypergravity environment with a acceleration of 100g, and the morphological evolution of dual bubbles was captured with high precision using a high-speed camera. Second, a hypergravity underwater multi-point explosion numerical model, validated against the experimental data, was employed to further investigate the effects of gravitational field on the coupled morphological evolution and characteristic parameters of dual bubbles. The results indicate that under higher gravitational acceleration, the morphological evolution, pulsation, and migration characteristics of underwater explosion bubbles differ significantly from those under normal gravity. This hypergravity environment, as an extreme physical condition, intensifies the pressure gradient and buoyancy effects, leading to unique jetting behaviors. The hypergravity environment increases the vertical pressure gradient in the flow field, enhances the instability on the bubble surfaces, and induces more intense fluid acceleration, thereby leading to higher bubble migration velocities. In addition, the hypergravity field introduces a "spatiotemporal compression effect" on bubble pulsation and alters the buoyancy-inertia force balance of the bubble system, which significantly affects the jetting direction and the interaction intensity between the bubbles, consequently modifying the energy distribution within the dual-bubble system.
- underwater explosion /
- bubble coupling /
- hypergravity /
- bubble pulsation /
- jet

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图 1 离心机水下多点爆炸实验布置

Figure 1. Experimental setup for underwater multi-point explosion in a centrifuge

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图 2 超重力水下两点爆炸二维轴对称数值模型

Figure 2. 2D axisymmetric numerical models of two-charge underwater explosions in hypergravity environment.

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图 3 不同网格尺寸对应气泡特征尺寸

Figure 3. Bubble characteristic sizes obtained under different mesh sizes

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图 4 气泡形态演化实验与数值结果（W=1 g TNT）

Figure 4. Experimental and numerical bubble behaviors for W=1 g TNT

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图 5 水下爆炸气泡半径时历曲线数值与实验结果对比

Figure 5. Comparison of time-history curves of underwater explosion bubble radius derived from experiment and numerical simulation.

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图 6 超重力（100g）水下爆炸双耦合气泡形态演化进程实验与数值结果

Figure 6. Comparison of experimental(left) and numerical(right) results on the evolution process of dual-coupled bubbles underwater explosion in hypergravity environment(100g).

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图 7 超重力水下爆炸双气泡边界扩张时历曲线（实验与数值结果）

Figure 7. Comparison of experimental and numerical bubble radius curves of underwater explosion in hypergravity environment

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图 8 超重力场下双气泡形态耦合、融合、迁移和射流过程（云图为速度场，白色箭头为速度矢量方向，G=10g）

Figure 8. Dual-bubble interaction, coalescence, migration and jetting in hypergravity environment. (The color contour denotes the velocity magnitude and the white arrows denote the velocity direction，G=10g)

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图 9 超重力场下双气泡边界位移及速度时历曲线 (G=10g)

Figure 9. Time-history curve of the displacement and velocity of the dual-bubble boundaries in hypergravity environment (G=10g)

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图 10 超重力场（400g）下双气泡形态耦合、融合、迁移和射流过程

Figure 10. Interaction, coalescence, migration and jetting of dual bubbles in hypergravity environment (400g)

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图 11 超重力场下气泡边界位移和速度时历曲线 G=400g

Figure 11. Time-history curves of the displacement and velocity of the dual-bubble boundaries in hypergravity environment, G=400g

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图 12 不同重力环境下水下爆炸双气泡形态演化对比

Figure 12. Comparison of morphological evolution of dual bubbles in underwater explosions under varying gravity conditions $ t_{2}^{\max } $

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图 13 不同重力环境下气泡特征参数对比

Figure 13. Comparison of bubble characteristic parameters in different gravity environment.

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图 14 不同重力环境下气泡半径膨胀速度对比

Figure 14. Comparison of bubble radius expansion velocities in different gravity environment

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图 15 双气泡脉动特征参数

Figure 15. Characteristic parameters of dual-bubble pulsation

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表 1 超重力水下爆炸实验特征量相似关系

Table 1. Scaling law for characteristic parameters in hypergravity underwater explosion

类别	特征量名称	量纲	原型特征量	离心机特征量	特征量比例因子
重力场	离心加速度	LT⁻²	g	ng	n
介质	水密度	ML⁻³	$ {\rho }_{\text{w}} $	$ {\rho }_{\text{w}} $	1
介质	空气密度	ML⁻³	$ {\rho }_{\text{a}} $	$ {\rho }_{\text{a}} $	1
装药	装药密度	ML⁻³	$ {\rho }_{0} $	$ {\rho }_{0} $	1
	装药量	M	W	W/n³	1/n³
	装药能量	ML²T⁻²	E	E/n³	1/n³
	爆炸深度	L	h	h/n	1/n
	爆距	L	R	R/n	1/n
	装药半径	L	R₀	R₀/n	1/n
气泡	气泡半径	L	R_b	R_b/n	1/n
	气泡迁移高度	L	h_b	h_b/n	1/n
	气泡脉动周期	T	T_b	T_b/n	1/n

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表 2 实验及数值模拟工况

Table 2. Experimental and numerical simulation conditions

工况编号	装药当量 W/g	双爆源间距 d/mm	水深h_w/mm	双爆源形心深度h_c/mm	超重力加速度G	原型装药当量 W_p/kg	原型爆源间距d_p/m	原型水深h_p/m 1此列分成3列 2 量符号的含义要说明	研究方法
EX-1	1	320	1000	500	10g	1 kg	3.2 m	5 m	数值模拟
EX-2	1	320	1000	500	50g	125 kg	16 m	25 m
EX-3	1	320	1000	500	100g	1000	32 m	50 m
EX-4	1	320	1000	500	200g	8000	64 m	100 m
EX-5	1	320	1000	500	300g	27000	96 m	150 m
EX-6	1	320	1000	500	400g	64000	128 m	200 m
EX-7	1	120	800	400	100g	1000	12 m	40 m	双爆源实验
EX-8	1	−	735	211	1g	−	−	−	单爆源实验

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表 3 气泡特征参数数值结果与实验、经验公式对比

Table 3. Numerical results vs. experiments and empirical formulas for bubble characteristics parameters

研究方法	气泡最大半径/mm	第一次脉动周期/ms
实验	169	26.5
经验	161	30.4
数值	165	26.8
数值结果与实验值的误差	−2.37%	1.13%
数值结果与经验值的误差	2.48%	−11.84%

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