摘要:
为探究钨纤维增强金属玻璃复合材料长杆弹针对陶瓷靶的侵彻性能和弹靶材料变形破坏特征，采用基于有限元-光滑粒子自适应耦合算法(FE-SPH)的数值模拟方法，结合相关穿甲试验，开展了复合材料长杆弹撞击陶瓷靶的数值模拟，并同钨合金长杆弹撞击陶瓷靶过程、复合材料弹体侵彻钢靶过程进行对比分析，详细讨论了相应弹靶变形和破坏特征的异同；之后分析了撞击速度、弹头形状和陶瓷靶材性能等对复合材料长杆弹穿甲陶瓷靶弹道特性和靶板损伤演化特征的影响。分析结果表明，在撞击陶瓷靶过程中，复合材料长杆弹因头部区域钨纤维发生分散，其侵彻能力远低于侵彻金属靶板情形，且低于钨合金弹对陶瓷靶的侵彻能力；撞击速度、弹头形状和陶瓷靶强度均对弹靶响应特征具有显著影响，其中撞击速度提高有助于抑制钨纤维的分散，从而增强弹体侵彻能力，平头弹体可诱发陶瓷靶内部的裂纹萌生与扩展范围更为宽广，陶瓷靶强度越低，复合材料长杆弹可引发更宽的内部损伤区域。相关研究有助于预测和评估钨纤维增强金属玻璃复合材料长杆弹针对陶瓷靶等高强脆性材质靶板的侵彻/穿甲性能，以及认识该新型材料弹体的适用场景。
Abstract:
In order to investigate the penetration performance of tungsten fiber / metallic glass matrix (WF/MG) composite long rods onto ceramic targets as well as the deformation and failure characteristics of both projectile and target materials, the adaptive coupling algorithm with finite element method and smoothed particle hydrodynamics (FE-SPH) is employed to conduct related simulations integrated with the corresponding experiments, and comparative analysis is conducted between the ballistic performances of tungsten alloy long rods impacting onto ceramic targets and WF/MG composite long rods onto steel targets, and the corresponding similarities and differences in the deformation and failure features of long rods and targets are discussed. Furthermore, the effects of several factors, including impact velocity, rod nose shape, and mechanical properties of ceramic materials, on the ballistic characteristics and damage evolution features of ceramic targets, are analyzed in detail. Related analysis demonstrates that during the impact onto ceramic targets, severe dispersion of tungsten fibers occurs in the rod nose region, and thus the penetration capability of WF/MG composite long rods is significantly lower than that regarding to metallic targets, and it is also lower than that of tungsten alloy long rods against ceramic targets. Impact velocity, rod nose shape, and the strength of ceramic material all have significant influences on the dynamic response characteristics of composite long rod and ceramic target. Increasing the impact velocity helps to suppress the dispersion of tungsten fibers, thereby enhances the penetration capability of composite long rod; the flat-nosed long rod can induce broader region of crack initiation and propagation within the ceramic target; lower ceramic strength leads to wider inner damage regions within the target caused by the impact of composite long rod. Related research is beneficial to predicting and evaluating the penetration performance of WF/MG composite long rods against high-strength brittle targets such as ceramic targets, and also to recognize the applicable scenarios for this new kind of long rod.
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