摘要:
冲击波在水土交界面斜反射压力的计算理论尚有不足，本文结合前期理论推导，建立了冲击波在水土交界面斜反射压力的解析方程；在此基础上，开展了水中爆炸试验，并建立了流固耦合数值模型，通过试验数据对理论与数值模型进行了验证。为了研究不同参数对正反射压力系数的影响，采用不同当量TNT炸药，距离水土交界面0.52 m（比例爆距为0.326~2.936 m/kg1/3）爆炸时，根据水中爆炸经验公式所得入射压力，计算得到正反射压力系数在1.26~1.50范围内。距离水土交界面0.3 m时，饱和土的含气量在0~10%范围内变化，得到的反射压力的范围为64.15~81.77 MPa，此时反射压力系数在1.19~1.52范围内。为了研究不同参数对斜反射压力计算模型的影响，通过对不同比例爆距与不同入射角（0°~40°）的数值模型结果进行分析，明确了理论模型的适用范围：在入射角≤20°时，模型预测误差普遍低于10%，具有较高工程精度；当入射角>30°且爆距较小时，模型误差显著增大，为实际应用提供了明确的边界条件。推导得出的冲击波在水土交界面反射压力的计算方法，物理意义明确、计算精度高，可为开展水下爆炸对水底土中工程结构的毁伤评估提供理论基础。
Abstract:
The theoretical framework for calculating the oblique reflection pressure of shock waves at the soil-water interface remains incomplete. In this study, building upon previous theoretical derivations, we established an analytical equation for the oblique reflection pressure of shock waves at the soil-water interface. Based on this, we conducted underwater explosion tests and developed a fluid-structure interaction numerical model, using the experimental data to validate both the theoretical model and the numerical model. To investigate the influence of different parameters on the normal reflection pressure coefficient, explosions were conducted using explosives with varying TNT equivalents at a distance of 0.52 m from the water-soil interface (with a proportional blast distance ranging from 0.326 to 2.936 m/kg¹/³). Based on the incident pressure obtained from empirical formulas for underwater explosions, the calculated normal reflection pressure coefficient ranged from 1.26 to 1.50. At a distance of 0.3 m from the water-soil interface, with the air content of saturated soil varying between 0% and 10%, the reflected pressure ranged from 64.15 to 81.77 MPa, and the reflected pressure coefficient ranged from 1.19 to 1.52. To investigate the influence of different parameters on the oblique reflection pressure calculation model, the results of numerical simulations with varying blast distances and incident angles (0°-40°) were analyzed, clarifying the applicability range of the theoretical model: When the incident angle is ≤20°, the model’s prediction error is generally below 10%, demonstrating high engineering accuracy; when the incident angle is >30° and the blast distance is small, the model error increases significantly, providing clear boundary conditions for practical applications. The derived calculation method for the shock wave reflection pressure at the water-soil interface has clear physical significance and high computational accuracy, providing a theoretical foundation for assessing the damage caused by underwater explosions to engineering structures in subaquatic soil.
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