氟化铅高压声速研究：高阻抗标准窗口的发现

黄海军; 李梓宁; 刘勋; 高畅; 张清; 李泽辉; 孙晨辉; 覃天; 周佳琦

doi:10.11883/bzycj-2026-0132

氟化铅高压声速研究：高阻抗标准窗口的发现

doi: 10.11883/bzycj-2026-0132

武汉理工大学物理与力学学院，湖北武汉 430070

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金（42274124）

详细信息

作者简介:
黄海军（1976－　），男，博士，教授，hjhuang@whut.eud.cn

通讯作者:
刘　勋（1984－　），男，博士，副教授，xun_liu@whut.edu.cn

高　畅（1993－　），男，博士，讲师，gaochang@whut.edu.cn

中图分类号: O347; O521.2
计量
- 文章访问数: 186
- HTML全文浏览量: 27
- PDF下载量: 38
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2026-04-28
- 修回日期: 2026-05-31
- 网络出版日期: 2026-06-09

High-pressure sound velocity of PbF₂: a high-impedance standard window material

School of Physics and Mechanics, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China

摘要

摘要: 为了给动高压声速精准测量寻求理想的高阻抗窗口材料，在64～198 GPa压力范围内，结合动高压实验和量子分子动力学模拟，系统研究了氟化铅（PbF₂）单晶的Hugniot状态方程、声速，理论模拟结果与实验测试数据高度吻合。研究发现，PbF₂在冲击压力约89.6 GPa时转变为液态金属，该金属化特征可实现冲击波阵面对激光信号的有效反射，依托高精度激光测速装置，可精准捕获冲击波传播速度和稀疏波追及冲击波的时间特征参数，为极端高压下各类材料的精准声测试提供了关键技术支撑。高压下PbF₂兼具高阻抗、高压相结构稳定性、压力诱导金属化等多重优异特性，满足高阻抗标准窗口的核心要求。
- PbF₂ /
- Hugoniot状态方程 /
- 高阻抗 /
- 窗口材料 /
- 声速 /
- 相变
Abstract: Accurate sound velocity measurement under high pressure requires high-impedance window materials. However, no ideal candidates have been reported to date. In this study, the Hugoniot data and sound velocity of single-crystal lead fluoride (PbF₂) in the pressure range from 64 GPa to 198 GPa were investigated by applying shock compression techniques and quantum molecular dynamics simulations. The theoretical simulation results of Hugoniot data and sound velocities are in excellent agreement with the experimental data. Along the Hugoniot curve, the sound velocities of liquid FbF₂ increase linear with particle velocity. The signal from a displacement interferometer system for any reflector (DISAR) and simulation results confirm that PbF₂ transforms into a liquid metal at 89.6 GPa, which enables efficient laser reflection at the shock front. Using a DISAR, both the shock wave velocity and the catch-up time of rarefaction waves can be accurately measured, providing critical technical support for the precise determination of sound velocity in materials under extremely high pressure. These superior properties, including high impedance, structural stability under high pressure, and pressure-induced metallization, enable PbF₂ fully meet the core requirements for high-impedance standard windows.
- PbF₂ /
- Hugoniot equation of state /
- high impedance /
- window material /
- sound velocity /
- phase transition

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图 1 窗口材料的阻抗随粒子速度的变化^{[10,21,25-26,28]}

Figure 1. Impedance of window materials varying with particle velocity^{[10,21,25-26,28]}

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图 2 实验装置示意图

Figure 2. Experimental setup

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图 3 拉格朗日坐标系下的波系相互作用

Figure 3. Wave interactions in Lagrangian coordinates

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图 4 实验0627的观测信号

Figure 4. Typical experimental results for Experiment 0627

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图 5 冲击加载下钽^[6,32-36]和铜^[16]的声速随压力的变化

Figure 5. Sound velocities of shocked tantalum^[6,32-36] and copper^[16] varied with pressure

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图 6 实验0702中样品光谱辐射亮度随波长的变化

Figure 6. Variation of sample spectral radiance with wavelength in experiment 0702

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图 7 液态PbF₂的内能随温度和密度的变化

Figure 7. Variations of internal energy for liquid PbF₂ with temperature and density

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图 8 液态PbF₂的压力随温度和密度的变化

Figure 8. Variations of pressure for liquid PbF₂ with temperature and density

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图 9 实验测量的冲击波速度随粒子速度的变化

Figure 9. Shock velocity as a function of particle velocity obtained by experimental measurement

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图 10 压力随密度变化趋势

Figure 10. Pressure as a function of density for PbF₂

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图 11 冲击加载下PbF₂的声速与粒子速度的关系

Figure 11. Sound velocity of shocked PbF₂ as a function of particle velocity

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图 12 Grüneisen参数随密度变化的实验和理论模拟结果

Figure 12. Variation of Grüneisen parameter with density obtained by experiment and simulation

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图 13 实验DISAR探测到来自冲击波阵面反射的激光信号经傅里叶变换后的结果

Figure 13. Fourier-transformed results of laser signals reflected from the shock front detected by experimental DISAR

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图 14 在特定的压力-温度条件下计算的PbF₂电子态密度

Figure 14. Calculated electronic density of states (DoS) of PbF2 at several pressure-temperature conditions

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图 15 PbF₂的冲击温度随压力的变化

Figure 15. Variation of shock temperature of PbF₂ with pressure

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表 1 飞片材料的Hugoniot参数

Table 1. Hugoniot parameters for flyer materials

材料	初始密度/(g·cm⁻³)	c₀/(km·s⁻¹)	S	来源
Cu	8.935	3.933(42)	1.500(25)	文献[36]
Ta	16.654	3.293(49)	1.307(25)	文献[36]
PbF₂	7.740	2.214(34)	1.465(13)	本文

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表 2 冲击加载下PbF₂的实验结果

Table 2. Experimental data of PbF₂ under shock compression

实验编号	飞片材料	W/(km·s⁻¹)	D_s/(km·s⁻¹)	u_p/(km·s⁻¹)	p_H/GPa	ρ/(g·cm⁻³)	c_s/(km·s⁻¹)	T/kK
0527	Ta	3.612(18)	5.684(22)	2.353(15)	103.5(8)	13.21(7)	5.61(7)	4.65(30)
0531	Ta	4.088(20)	6.085(25)	2.644(17)	124.5(10)	13.69(8)	5.95(8)	5.61(40)
0605	Ta	3.278(16)	5.385(20)	2.150(13)	89.6(6)	12.88(6)	5.37(6)	3.67(11)
0627	Ta	4.620(23)	6.570(22)	2.963(15)	150.6(9)	14.10(7)	6.28(8)	6.29(46)
0628	Ta	4.937(25)	6.855(32)	3.152(21)	167.2(14)	14.33(10)	6.53(11)	7.73(29)
0701	Ta	5.402(27)	7.218(35)	3.436(23)	191.9(16)	14.77(11)	6.78(11)	9.00(77)
0702	Cu	3.336(17)	5.081(19)	1.931(13)	75.9(6)	12.48(6)	5.05(5)	3.10(6)
0704	Ta	5.506(28)	7.315(35)	3.497(23)	198.0(16)	14.83(11)	6.82(15)	9.22(52)
0710	Cu	2.971(15)	4.781(16)	1.733(11)	64.1(5)	12.14(5)	4.88(5)	2.63(4)
0715	Cu	4.247(21)	5.775(23)	2.426(15)	108.4(8)	13.34(7)	5.62(6)	4.77(36)
注：W为飞片速度

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