后墙拆分结构防护性能的实验和计算对比研究

文雪忠; 黄洁; 赵君尧; 柯发伟; 马兆侠; 柳森

doi:10.11883/bzycj-2020-0323

后墙拆分结构防护性能的实验和计算对比研究

doi: 10.11883/bzycj-2020-0323

中国空气动力研究与发展中心超高速空气动力研究所，四川绵阳 621000

详细信息

作者简介:
文雪忠（1982－　），男，硕士，副研究员，wenxz@xjtu.edu.cn

中图分类号: O382
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2020-09-11
- 修回日期: 2020-12-20
- 网络出版日期: 2021-02-02
- 刊出日期: 2021-02-05

Comparative study of simulation and experiment on shielding performance of shield with separated rear wall

Hypervelocity Aerodynamics Institute, China Aerodynamics Research and Development Center, Mianyang 621000, Sichuan, China

摘要

摘要: 为验证利用后墙拆分方式提升防护结构性能的可行性，通过开展数值模拟（铝弹丸直径6.0 mm，撞击速度5.0～8.3 km/s）和超高速撞击实验（铝弹丸直径6.0 mm，撞击速度约8.3 km/s），研究了3种防护结构的性能差异以及不同撞击速度对结构防护性能的影响。防护结构主要包括Whipple结构和两种后墙拆分结构。针对直径6.0 mm铝弹丸分别以5.0、6.0、7.0、8.3 km/s的速度撞击防护结构的工况，借助Autodyn软件开展了数值模拟，并将模拟结果与在弹道靶设备上获得的超高速撞击实验结果进行了对比。模拟结果与实验结果均表明，在相同撞击状态下两种后墙拆分结构的防护性能有所差异，但均优于相同面密度的Whipple结构，且随着撞击速度的提高，这种优势具有增大的趋势。
- 空间碎片 /
- Whipple防护结构 /
- 超高速撞击 /
- 后墙
Abstract: In order to study the feasibility and effectiveness of the shield with separated rear wall (SRW), both the hypervelocity experiments and simulations were performed to investigate the performances of shields with different separated rear walls. The effect of impact velocity on the shielding performance was also studied. Three kinds of shields were designed, including a Whipple shield and two kinds of SRW shields. The AUTODYN software was based on to numerically simulate the penetration of 6.0-mm-diameter aluminum projectiles with the initial impact velocities of 5.0, 6.0, 7.0 and 8.3 km/s, respectively, into the shields. By comparing the damages in the backs of the rear walls among the three kinds of shields, the preliminary conclusion was drawn that the performances of the SRW shields were better than that of the Whipple shield. And the higher the impact velocity, the more obvious the advantage of the SRW shields. The tests were carried out in the hypervelocity ballistic range of China Aerodynamics Research and Development Center. The diameter of an aluminum projectile is 6.0 mm, and the impact velocity is about 8.3 km/s. The perforation and spall characteristics of the rear walls in the tests are consistent with the simulated results. The experiments not only prove the effectiveness of the simulation method, but also prove that the SRW shields have better protecting performances. Compared with the complete aluminum plate, a new free interface is added inside the structures of the SRW shields, which will reflect the shock wave generated in the impact process. Thus the strength of the shock wave that spreads to the second plate is reduced, and the damage in the SRW shields is alleviated. As the impact velocity increases, the main damage mode on the rear wall will change from the penetration damage mode to the impact damage mode, and the propagation of shock wave will be the main reason for the damage of the rear wall, which leads to better protecting performance of the SRW shields at higher impact velocities.
- space debris /
- Whipple shield /
- hypervelocity impact /
- rear wall

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图 1 3种防护结构示意图

Figure 1. Sketches for three kinds of shield structures

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 2 Whipple结构后墙在直径6.0 mm的弹丸以不同速度撞击后40 µs的损伤

Figure 2. Damage in the rear wall of the Whipple shield at 40 µs after it was impacted by a 6.0-mm-diameter aluminum projectile at different impact velocities

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图 3 SRW1结构后墙在直径6.0 mm的弹丸以不同速度撞击后40 µs的损伤

Figure 3. Damage in the rear wall of the SRW1 shield at 40 µs after it was impacted by a 6.0-mm-diameter aluminum projectile at different impact velocities

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图 4 超高速弹道靶

Figure 4. Hypervelocity ballistic range

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图 5 3种防护结构实物照片

Figure 5. Photos for three kinds of shield structures

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图 6 Whipple结构在直径6.0 mm的铝球以8.31 km/s的速度撞击下的损伤情况^[14]

Figure 6. The damage of the Whipple shield impacted by the 6.0-mm-diameter aluminum projectile with the initial impact velocity of 8.31 km/s^[14]

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图 7 SRW1结构在直径6.0 mm的铝球以8.25 km/s的速度撞击下的损伤情况^[14]

Figure 7. The damage of the SRW1 shield impacted by the 6.0-mm-diameter aluminum projectile with the initial impact velocity of 8.25 km/s^[14]

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 8 SRW2结构在直径6.0 mm的铝球以8.41 km/s的速度撞击下的损伤情况^[14]

Figure 8. The damage of the SRW2 shield impacted by the 6.0-mm-diameter aluminum projectile with the initial impact velocity of 8.41 km/s^[14]

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图 9 两种结构后墙损伤情况的实验与模拟结果对比

Figure 9. Comparison of the damage of the rear Walls in two kinds of shield between experiment and simulation

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表 1 3种防护结构尺寸参数

Table 1. The sizes of three kinds of shields

防护结构	缓冲屏与后墙间距/mm	缓冲屏厚度/mm	后墙结构
Whipple	100	2	厚度3 mm铝板
SRW1	100	2	第1层为厚度1 mm的铝板，第2层为厚度2 mm的铝板
SRW2	100	2	第1层为厚度2 mm的铝板，第2层为厚度1 mm的铝板

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表 2 实验中3种防护结构损伤情况

Table 2. The damage of three kinds of shields in tests

防护结构	弹丸直径/mm	撞击速度/(km·s⁻¹)	缓冲屏损伤	后墙损伤	观察屏损伤
Whipple	6.0	8.31	穿孔	约$\varnothing $35 mm剥落	撞击痕迹、鼓包
SRW1	6.0	8.25	穿孔	第1层：鼓包、无剥落	无痕迹
SRW1	6.0	8.25	穿孔	第2层：鼓包、无剥落	无痕迹
SRW2	6.0	8.41	穿孔	第1层：鼓包、无剥落	无痕迹
SRW2	6.0	8.41	穿孔	第2层：约$\varnothing $9 mm剥落	无痕迹

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