弹体斜侵彻双层钢板的结构响应和失效研究

朱超; 张晓伟; 张庆明; 张陶

doi:10.11883/bzycj-2023-0017

弹体斜侵彻双层钢板的结构响应和失效研究

doi: 10.11883/bzycj-2023-0017

朱超^1,,
张晓伟^1, ,,
张庆明¹,
张陶²

1.
北京理工大学爆炸科学与技术国家重点实验室，北京 100081
2.
北京航天长征飞行器研究所，北京 100076

基金项目: 基础加强重点项目（2020-JCJQ-ZD-221-03）

详细信息

作者简介:
朱　超（1998－　），男，硕士研究生，zhuchao98@bit.edu.cn

通讯作者:
张晓伟（1982－　），男，博士，副教授，mezhangxw@bit.edu.cn

中图分类号: O385
计量
- 文章访问数: 401
- HTML全文浏览量: 116
- PDF下载量: 242
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2023-01-17
- 修回日期: 2023-05-09
- 网络出版日期: 2023-06-02
- 刊出日期: 2023-09-11

Structural response and failure of projectiles obliquely penetrating into double-layered steel plate targets

1.
State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
2.
Beijing Institute of Space Long March Vehicle, Beijing 100076, China

摘要

摘要: 为探究弹体斜侵彻多层钢板的结构响应及失效规律，开展了圆形、椭圆和非对称椭圆三种截面弹体对双层钢板的斜侵彻试验，获得了不同弹体的弹道特性和结构失效情况。在此基础上，采用有限元软件对弹体斜侵彻过程的弹道特性、动态载荷以及结构响应进行了数值分析。基于空间自由梁理论和弹体动态载荷，给出了侵彻过程中弹体轴力和弯矩的分布规律，建立了弹体结构强度与失效分析方法。结果表明，弹体以正着角水平侵彻多层钢板时，存在一个临界攻角；当攻角小于临界值时，侵彻过程中会出现弹体低头、弹道向下偏转的现象；当攻角大于临界值时，则出现弹体抬头、弹道向上偏转的现象；该临界攻角随着靶板厚度的减小而增大。对于强度高、韧性低的弹体，失效模式为脆性断裂，断裂位置距头部0.72～0.81倍弹长，弹身后部所受横向冲击载荷是造成弹体断裂的主要原因。建立的弹体结构响应模型可准确预测弹体断裂失效及发生位置。此外，在三种截面弹体中，非对称椭圆弹体的断裂位置更接近头部。
- 斜侵彻 /
- 双层钢板 /
- 结构响应 /
- 失效 /
- 自由梁理论
Abstract: In order to investigate the structural response and failure of projectiles obliquely penetrating into a multi-layered steel plate target, oblique penetration tests were conducted, in which three kinds of projectiles with circular, elliptical, and asymmetric elliptical cross-sections were employed while the ballistic trajectory and structural failure of projectiles were recorded. With the photographs captured by high-speed camera, a pixel measuring method was used to obtain the velocity and attitude deflection angle of projectiles. Based on the test results, the ballistic characteristics, dynamic loads and structural response of projectiles are analyzed by using FEM code ABAQUS/explicit, focusing on the oblique penetration at initial speed of 480 m/s and attack angle within 2°. Then, based on the free-free beam theory and the dynamic loads obtained by numerical simulation, the distributions of axial force, shear force and bending moment within projectiles are calculated, and an analytical method for structural strength and dynamic failure of projectiles is developed. The results show that when the projectile horizontally penetrates a multi-layered steel plate target with positive inclined angle, there exists a critical attack angle. If the attack angle is smaller than this critical value, the projectile will head drop and its trajectory turns downwards; when the attack angle is larger than the critical value, the projectile will be raised and its trajectory turns upwards. In addition, the critical attack angle increases as the thickness of the target plate decreases. For the projectiles with high strength and low ductility, the failure mode is brittle fracture and the distances between the fracture position and the projectile nose is 0.72−0.81 times of its length, which is mainly due to the lateral impact load at the rear part of projectile. Moreover, by means of the dynamic model of the projectile based on the free-free beam theory, the fracture position of projectile during oblique penetration process could be well predicted. Also, among the three types of projectiles with the same length and cross-sectional area, the projectile with asymmetric elliptical cross-section is easier to fracture and the position is even closer to the projectile nose.
- oblique penetration /
- double-layered steel plate target /
- structural response /
- failure /
- free-free beam theory

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图 1 弹体结构参数示意图

Figure 1. Schematic diagram of projectile structural parameters

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图 2 加工后的三种截面弹体

Figure 2. Three types of projectiles after manufacture

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图 3 弹体材料的准静态拉伸曲线

Figure 3. Quasi-static tensile curves of projectile material

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图 4 试验系统示意图

Figure 4. Schematic diagram of experimental system

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图 5 弹体侵彻过程的典型时刻

Figure 5. Typical moments for different projectiles during penetration process

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图 6 斜侵彻中弹体不同角度参数及截面布置示意图

Figure 6. Diagram for the altitude angles and cross section of the projectile in oblique penetration

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图 7 弹体的破坏情况

Figure 7. Damages of projectiles

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图 8 不同入射速度下弹体的载荷时程曲线

Figure 8. Time history curves of projectile load under different impact velocities

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图 9 弹体侵彻轨迹的对比

Figure 9. Comparison of simulated and experimental results on penetration trajectories

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图 10 弹体速度对比

Figure 10. Comparison of projectile velocities

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图 11 不同弹体的动能对比

Figure 11. Comparison of kinetic energies of different projectiles

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图 12 弹体姿态角对比

Figure 12. Comparison of projectile attitude angles

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图 13 弹体剩余长度对比

Figure 13. Comparison of projectile residual lengths

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图 14 弹体载荷时程曲线

Figure 14. Time history curves of projectile load

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图 15 弹体侵彻的不同阶段

Figure 15. Penetration stages of projectile

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图 16 弹体的失效模式

Figure 16. Failure modes of projectile

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图 17 三种弹体的姿态角对比

Figure 17. Comparison of attitude angle among three different projectiles

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图 18 横向载荷作用下的自由梁模型

Figure 18. Free-free beam model for the projectile under lateral load

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图 19 无量纲弯矩分布

Figure 19. Distribution of dimensionless bending moment

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图 20 移动载荷作用下弹体的屈服函数

Figure 20. Yield function of projectile under moving load

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表 1 三种截面弹体的结构参数

Table 1. Structural parameters of three projectiles with different cross-sections

截面形状	截面参数/mm			L/mm	h/mm	m/g
截面形状	D	A	B	L/mm	h/mm	m/g
圆形	30	−	−	180	4	506.2
椭圆形	−	33	27	180	4	509.2
非对称椭圆形	−	33	18/9	180	4	519.5

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表 2 弹体侵彻不同靶板的试验结果

Table 2. Penetration experimental results

试验编号	靶板编号	靶板厚度/mm	速度			姿态角			长度
试验编号	靶板编号	靶板厚度/mm	v₀/(m·s⁻¹)	v₁/(m·s⁻¹)	ΔE/J	θ₀/(°)	θ₁/(°)	Δθ/(°)	l₀/mm	l₁/mm	δ/%
CC-1	1	8	474	425	11012	−2.64	−7.56	−4.92	180	145	81
CC-1	2	6	425	388	7520	−4.95	−9.88	−4.93	145	145	100
CC-2	1	4	445	413	6864	16.17	15.65	−0.52	180	136	75
CC-2	2	4	413	387	5200	13.68	11.31	−2.37	136	136	100
CC-3	1	8	608	544	18432	14.68	20.81	6.13	180	133	74
CC-3	2	8	544	453	22681	19.95	27.47	7.52	133	133	100
CC-4	1	12	499	409	20430	3.15	0	−3.15	180	180	100
CC-4	2	8	409	348	11544	−2.23	−13.95	−11.72	180	109	61
EC-1	1	8	486	442	10208	−2.12	−6.37	−4.25	180	143	79
EC-1	2	6	442	404	8037	−3.23	−4.85	−1.62	143	143	100
EC-2	1	8	493	453	9460	0	−2.23	−2.23	180	180	100
EC-2	2	6	453	416	8038	−3.28	−8.94	−5.66	180	138	77
AC-1	1	8	489	435	12474	−1.60	−8.65	−7.05	180	128	72
AC-1	2	6	435	389	9476	−5.44	−10.75	−5.31	128	128	100
AC-2	1	8	473	429	9922	−2.77	−9.54	−6.77	180	180	100
AC-2	2	6	429	395	7004	−7.24	−13.89	−6.65	180	133	74

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表 3 弹体30CrMnSiNi2A材料参数^[31]

Table 3. Material parameters of 30CrMnSiNi2A^[31]

ρ/(g·cm⁻³)	E/GPa	v	T_r/K	T_m/K	A/MPa	B/MPa	n	m	C	$\dot\varepsilon $₀/s⁻¹	ε_T
7.85	210	0.3	294	1760	1600	810	0.479	1	0.04	2.1×10⁻³	0.05

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表 4 靶板45钢材料参数^[32]

Table 4. Material parameters of 45 steel^[32]

ρ/(g·cm⁻³)	E/GPa	v	A/MPa	B/MPa	n	m	C
7.8	210	0.33	507	320	0.28	1.06	0.064

T_r/K	T_m/K	$\dot\varepsilon $₀/s⁻¹	D₁	D₂	D₃	D₄	D₅
294	1760	1	0.1	0.76	1.57	0.005	−0.84

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表 5 弹体剩余长度的不同结果对比

Table 5. Comparison of results on projectile residual length

弹型	试验结果	数值仿真结果	理论模型结果	理论模型相对误差/%
圆形	0.81	0.78	0.75	7.41
椭圆形	0.78	0.75	0.73	6.42
非对称椭圆	0.72	0.74	0.71	1.38

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